Maqaalkani wuxuu diiradda saarayaa habka antimicrobial ee Gemini Surfactants, kuwaas oo la filayo inay wax ku ool u yihiin dilka bakteeriyada waxayna bixin karaan xoogaa caawimaad ah si loo yareeyo faafitaanka coronaviruses cusub.
Surfactant, kaas oo ah foosha weedhaha Dusha, Firfircoon iyo Wakiil.Surfactants waa walxo firfircoon oo dusha sare ah iyo is-dhexgalyada waxayna leeyihiin karti aad u sarreeya iyo hufnaan si ay u yareeyaan xiisadda dusha sare (xuduuda), samaynta shirar qaabaysan oo loo dalbado xalal ka sarreeya feejignaan gaar ah oo sidaas darteed leh hawlo kala duwan oo codsi ah.Surfactants waxay leeyihiin kala firdhinta wanaagsan, qoyaanka, awoodda emulsification, iyo guryaha antistatic, waxayna noqdeen agab muhiim u ah horumarinta goobo badan, oo ay ku jiraan berrinka kiimikooyinka wanaagsan, waxayna leeyihiin gacan weyn oo ku aaddan hagaajinta hababka, yaraynta isticmaalka tamarta, iyo kordhinta waxtarka wax soo saarka. .Iyada oo horumarinta bulshada iyo horumarka joogtada ah ee heerka warshadaha adduunka, codsiga of surfactants ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u faafo kiimikooyinka maalinlaha ah-isticmaalka in beeraha kala duwan ee dhaqaalaha qaranka, sida bakteeriyada bakteeriyada, daro cuntada, beeraha tamarta cusub, daaweynta wasakhaysan iyo biopharmaceuticals.
Surfactants-ka caadiga ah waa xeryahooda "amphiphilic" oo ka kooban kooxaha hydrophilic polar iyo kooxaha hydrophobic nonpolar, iyo qaab-dhismeedka molecular ayaa lagu muujiyay sawirka 1(a).
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, horumarinta hagaajinta iyo nidaaminta warshadaha wax soo saarka, baahida loo qabo guryaha surfactant ee habka wax soo saarka ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u kordhaya, sidaas darteed waa muhiim in la helo oo la horumariyo surfactants leh guryaha sare ee sare iyo qaabab gaar ah.Helitaanka Gemini Surfactants ayaa buundooyinkaas ka dhigayaa mid buuxiya shuruudaha wax soo saarka warshadaha.Surfactant Gemini-ga caadiga ah waa xarun leh laba kooxood oo hydrophilic (guud ahaan ionic ama nonionic leh guryaha hydrophilic) iyo laba silsiladood oo hydrophobic alkyl ah.
Sida ku cad Jaantuska 1(b), si ka duwan kuwa caadiga ah ee silsilad-hal-xidhaale ah, Gemini Surfactants waxay isku xidhaan laba kooxood oo biyo-biyood ah iyada oo loo marayo koox isku xidhan (spacer).Marka la soo koobo, qaab-dhismeedka Gemini surfactant waxaa loo fahmi karaa sida loo sameeyay iyadoo si xariif ah loogu xirayo laba kooxood oo biyo-mareen ah oo ka mid ah surfactant caadiga ah oo ay la socdaan koox isku xiran.
Qaab dhismeedka gaarka ah ee Gemini Surfactant wuxuu horseedaa dhaqdhaqaaqiisa dusha sare, taas oo inta badan sabab u ah:
(1) Saamaynta hydrophobic ee la xoojiyey ee labada silsiladaha dabada hydrophobic ee Gemini Surfactant molecule iyo korodhka u janjeera surfactant si uu uga tago xalka aqueous.
(2) U janjeerta kooxaha madaxa hydrophilic si ay u kala soocaan midba midka kale, gaar ahaan kooxaha madaxa ionic oo ay ugu wacan tahay dib-u-celinta elektrostatic, ayaa si weyn u daciiftay saameynta spacer;
(3) Qaab dhismeedka gaarka ah ee Gemini Surfactants wuxuu saameeyaa habdhaqankooda isu-ururinta ee xalka aqueous, iyaga oo siinaya qaab-dhismeed isku-dhafan oo kakan oo doorsooma.
Gemini Surfactants waxay leeyihiin firfircooni sare oo dusha sare ah (xuduuda), feejignaanta micele ee muhiimka ah oo hoose, qoynta wanaagsan, awoodda emulsification iyo awoodda bakteeriyada marka la barbar dhigo surfactants caadiga ah.Sidaa darteed, horumarinta iyo ka faa'iidaysiga Gemini Surfactants ayaa muhiimad weyn u leh horumarinta iyo codsiga surfactants.
"qaab-dhismeedka amphiphilic" ee surfactants caadiga ah ayaa siinaya sifooyin dusha sare oo gaar ah.Sida ku cad Jaantuska 1 (c), marka surfactant caadiga ah lagu daro biyaha, kooxda madaxa hydrophilic waxay u egtahay inay ku milmaan gudaha xalka aqueous, iyo kooxda hydrophobic waxay joojisaa kala dirida molecule surfactant ee biyaha.Marka la eego saamaynta isku dhafan ee labadan isbeddel, molecules surfactant ayaa lagu hodmay isdhexgalka gaaska-dareeraha waxayna marayaan habayn habaysan, taas oo yaraynaysa xiisadda dusha sare ee biyaha.Si ka duwan surfactants-ka caadiga ah, Gemini Surfactants waa "dimers" kuwaas oo isku xira surfactants caadiga ah iyada oo loo marayo kooxaha spacer, taas oo si waxtar leh u yareyn karta xiisadda dusha sare ee biyaha iyo saliidda / biyaha kacsanaanta wajiga.Intaa waxaa dheer, Gemini Surfactants waxay leeyihiin uruurinta micele ee muhiimka ah, milmayn biyaha wanaagsan, emulsification, xumbo, qoynta iyo sifooyinka bakteeriyada.
| Hordhaca Gemini Surfactants Sannadkii 1991-kii, Menger iyo Littau [13] waxay diyaariyeen silsiladdii ugu horreysay ee bis-alkyl surfactant oo leh koox isku xidhan oo adag, waxayna u bixiyeen "Gemini surfactant".Isla sanadkaas, Zana et al [14] waxay diyaariyeen taxane ah quaternary ammonium cusbo Gemini Surfactants markii ugu horeysay oo ay si nidaamsan u baadhaan sifooyinka taxanahan ammonium quaternary Gemini Surfactants.1996, cilmi-baarayaashu waxay si guud u falanqeeyeen oo ay ka wada hadleen dabeecadda dusha (xuduuda), guryaha isku-darka, rheology xalalka iyo dabeecadda wajiga ee Gemini Surfactants kala duwan marka lagu daro surfactants caadiga ah.2002, Zana [15] ayaa baadhay saamaynta kooxaha kala duwan ee isku xidhka ee habdhaqanka isku-darka ah ee Gemini Surfactants ee xalalka aqueous, shaqada oo si weyn u horumarisay horumarinta surfactants waxayna ahayd muhiimad weyn.Later, Qiu et al [16] waxay hindiseen hab cusub oo loogu talagalay isku-dhafka Gemini Surfactants oo ka kooban qaabab gaar ah oo ku salaysan cetyl bromide iyo 4-amino-3,5-dihydroxymethyl-1,2,4-triazole, taas oo sii xoojisay habka Gemini Surfactant synthesis. |
Cilmi-baaris ku saabsan Gemini Surfactants ee Shiinaha ayaa bilaabay goor dambe;in 1999, Jianxi Zhao oo ka socda Jaamacadda Fuzhou ayaa dib u eegis nidaamsan ku sameeyay cilmi-baaris shisheeye oo ku saabsan Gemini Surfactants waxayna soo jiidatay indhaha hay'ado cilmi-baaris oo badan oo Shiinaha ah.Intaa ka dib, cilmi-baarista Gemini Surfactants ee Shiinaha waxay bilaabeen inay kobcaan oo ay gaaraan natiijooyin miro leh.Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, cilmi-baarayaashu waxay naftooda u hureen horumarinta Gemini Surfactants cusub iyo daraasadda sifooyinka physicochemical ee la xidhiidha.Isla mar ahaantaana, codsiyada Gemini Surfactants ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah loo horumariyay dhinacyada jeermiska iyo bakteeriyada, wax soo saarka cuntada, xumbo-baxa iyo xakamaynta xumbo, si tartiib tartiib ah daroogada iyo nadiifinta warshadaha.Iyadoo lagu saleynayo in kooxaha hydrophilic ee ku jira molecules surfactant la dallaco iyo in kale iyo nooca kharashka ay sitaan, Gemini Surfactants waxaa loo qaybin karaa qaybaha soo socda: cationic, anionic, nonionic iyo amphoteric Gemini Surfactants.Waxaa ka mid ah, cationic Gemini Surfactants guud ahaan waxay tixraacaan quaternary ammonium ama ammonium salt Gemini Surfactants, anionic Gemini Surfactants inta badan waxay tixraacaan Gemini Surfactants kuwaas oo kooxahooda hydrophilic ay yihiin sulfonic acid, fosfat iyo karboksilic acid, halka Gemini Surfactants aan caadi ahayn inta badan polyoxyethylene Gemini Surfactants.
1.1 Cationic Gemini Surfactants
Cationic Gemini Surfactants waxay kala saari karaan cations xalalka aqueous, inta badan ammonium iyo quaternary ammonium cusbada Gemini Surfactants.Cationic Gemini Surfactants waxay leeyihiin biodegradability wanaagsan, awood sun-saarid xoog leh, guryaha kiimikada deggan, sunta hoose, qaab-dhismeedka fudud, fududaynta fudud, kala-soocidda fudud iyo nadiifinta, iyo sidoo kale waxay leeyihiin guryaha bakteeriyada, anticorrosion, guryaha antistatic iyo jilicsanaanta.
Quaternary ammonium milix ku salaysan Gemini Surfactants ayaa guud ahaan laga soo diyaariyey amines jaamacadeed by falcelinta alkylation.Waxaa jira laba hab oo muhiim ah oo isku dhafan sida soo socota: mid waa in la qiyaaso alkanes-ka beddelka dibromo iyo hal silsilad dheer oo alkyl dimethyl amines ah;Midda kale waa in la qiyaaso 1-bromo-la beddelo alkanes-ka silsiladda dheer iyo N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl alkyl diamines leh ethanol anhydrous sida dareeraha iyo kululaynta dib u soo celinta.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, alkanes-ka dibromo lagu beddelay ayaa aad qaali u ah waxaana caadi ahaan lagu farsameeyaa habka labaad, isla'egta falcelinta ayaa lagu muujiyay sawirka 2.
1.2 Anionic Gemini Surfactants
Anionic Gemini Surfactants waxay kala saari karaan anions ee dareeraha aqueous, inta badan sulfonates, cusbada sulfate, karboksylates iyo fosfatetada cusbada nooca Gemini Surfactants.Surfactants Anionic waxay leeyihiin sifooyin ka wanaagsan sida sun-saarid, xumbo, firidhsan, emulsification iyo qoynta, waxaana si weyn loogu isticmaalaa saabuunta, xumbada, wakiilada qoynta, emulsifiers iyo firdhiyaashooda.
1.2.1 Sulfates
Sulfonate-ku-salaysan biosurfactants waxay leeyihiin faa'iidooyinka milanka biyaha wanaagsan, qoyaanka wanaagsan, heerkulka wanaagsan iyo caabbinta milixda, nadiifinta wanaagsan, iyo awoodda kala firdhisan ee xooggan, waxaana si ballaaran loo isticmaalaa saabuunta, wakiilada xumbo, wakiilada qoynta, emulsifiers, iyo kala firdhinta batroolka. warshadaha dunta, iyo kiimikooyinka maalinlaha ah la isticmaalo sababtoo ah ilahooda aadka u ballaaran ee alaabta ceeriin, hababka wax soo saarka fudud, iyo kharashyada hoose.Li et al waxay soo saareen taxane cusub oo dialkyl disulfonic acid Gemini Surfactants (2Cn-SCT), nooca sulfonate-ka caadiga ah ee baryonic surfactant, iyadoo la adeegsanayo trichloramine, amine aliphatic iyo taurine sida alaabta ceeriin ee falcelinta saddex-tallaabo ah.
1.2.2 Sulfate cusbada
Sulfate ester salts doublet surfactants waxay leeyihiin faa'iidooyinka xiisadda dusha sare ee aadka u hooseeya, dhaqdhaqaaqa dusha sare, milanka biyaha wanaagsan, ilaha ballaaran ee alaabta ceeriin iyo isku-dhafka fudud.Waxa kale oo ay leedahay wax-qabad wanaagsan oo dhaqid iyo awood xumbo, waxqabad xasiloon oo biyo adag ah, iyo cusbada ester sulfate waa dhexdhexaad ama wax yar oo alkaline ah oo ku jira xal aqueous ah.Sida ku cad Jaantuska 3, Sun Dong et al waxay isticmaaleen lauric acid iyo polyetylen glycol sida alaabta ceeriin ee ugu weyn iyo ku daray sulfate ester bonds iyada oo loo marayo beddelka, esterification iyo falcelinta dheeriga ah, sidaas darteed isku-darka sulfate ester cusbada nooca baryonic surfactant-GA12-S-12.
1.2.3 cusbada karboksilic acid
Carboxylate-based Gemini Surfactants sida caadiga ah waa khafiif, cagaar, si fudud biodegradable waxayna leeyihiin il qani ah oo ka mid ah alaabta ceeriin ee dabiiciga ah, guryaha chelating biraha sare, caabbinta biyaha adag iyo kala firdhinta saabuunta calcium, xumbo wanaagsan iyo guryaha qoynta, oo si weyn loogu isticmaalo daawooyinka, dunta, kiimikooyinka wanaagsan iyo meelaha kale.Soo bandhigida kooxaha amide ee biosurfactants-ku salaysan karboksilate waxay kor u qaadi kartaa biodegradability ee molecules surfactant waxayna sidoo kale ka dhigi kartaa inay leeyihiin qoynta wanaagsan, emulsification, firdhisanaanta iyo guryaha wasakheynta.Mei et al waxay soosaareen CGS-2 surfactant baryonic-ku-saleysan karboksilate oo ay ku jiraan kooxaha amide iyagoo isticmaalaya dodecylamine, dibromoethane iyo succinic anhydride sida alaabta ceeriin.
1.2.4 Fosfate cusbada
Nooca cusbada Phosphate ester ee Gemini Surfactants waxay leeyihiin qaab-dhismeed la mid ah fosfoolipids-ka dabiiciga ah waxayna u nugul yihiin inay sameeyaan qaab-dhismeedyo ay ka mid yihiin miceles iyo vesicles.Nooca cusbada Phosphate ester Gemini Surfactants ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalay sida wakiilada antistatic iyo saabuunta dharka lagu dhaqo, halka ay sifooyinkooda emulsification sare iyo xanaaq yar ay keentay isticmaalka ballaaran ee daryeelka maqaarka shakhsi ahaaneed.Qaar ka mid ah esters fosfate waxay noqon karaan kansar, antitumor iyo bakteeriyada, iyo daraasiin daawooyin ah ayaa la sameeyay.Fosfate ester milixda nooca biosurfactants waxay leeyihiin sifooyin sare oo emulsification ah oo loogu talagalay sunta cayayaanka waxaana loo isticmaali karaa oo keliya ma aha bakteeriyada iyo cayayaanka laakiin sidoo kale sida herbicides.Zheng et al wuxuu bartay isku-dhafka fosfooraska ester cusbada Gemini Surfactants ee P2O5 iyo ortho-quat-based oligomeric diols, kuwaas oo leh saameyn qoynta wanaagsan, sifooyinka wanaagsan ee antistatic, iyo habka isku-dhafka fudud ee leh xaaladaha falcelinta khafiifka ah.Nafaqada molecular ee potassium fosfatiyaha cusbada baryonic surfactant ayaa lagu muujiyay sawirka 4.
1.3 Surfactants Gemini non-ion
Nonionic Gemini Surfactants laguma kala sooci karo xal aqueous oo waxay ku jiraan qaabka molecular.Noocan surfactant baryonic ah ilaa hadda si yar looma baran, waxaana jira laba nooc, mid waa derivative sonkor ah iyo kan kale waa khamriga ether iyo phenol ether.Nonionic Gemini Surfactants kuma jiraan gobolka ionic ee xalka, sidaas darteed waxay leeyihiin xasillooni sare, si fudud uma saameeyaan electrolytes xoog leh, waxay leeyihiin kakanaanta wanaagsan ee noocyada kale ee surfactants, waxayna leeyihiin milmayn wanaagsan.Sidaa darteed, surfactants nonionic waxay leeyihiin sifooyin kala duwan sida nadiifinta wanaagsan, kala firdhinta, emulsification, xumbo, qoynta, hantida antistatic iyo jeermiska, waxaana si ballaaran loo isticmaali karaa dhinacyo kala duwan sida sunta cayayaanka iyo daahan.Sida ku cad sawirka 5, 2004, FitzGerald et al synthesized polyoxyethylene based Gemini Surfactants (surfactants nonionic), kuwaas oo qaab-dhismeedkooda lagu muujiyay sida (Cn-2H2n-3CHCH2O (CH2CH2O)mH) 2 (CH2) 6 (ama GemnEm).
02 sifooyinka physicochemical ee Gemini Surfactants
2.1 Waxqabadka Gemini Surfactants
Habka ugu fudud uguna tooska ah ee lagu qiimeeyo dhaqdhaqaaqa dusha sare ee surfactants waa in la cabbiro xiisadda dusha sare ee xalalkooda aqueous.Mabda 'ahaan, surfactants waxay yareeyaan xiisadda dusha sare ee xalka iyadoo la raacayo habayn ku jihaysan diyaaradda dusha (xuduuda) (Jaantuska 1(c)).Feejignaanta muhiimka ah ee micelle (CMC) ee Gemini Surfactants ayaa ka badan laba amar oo waaweyn oo ka yar iyo qiimaha C20 aad ayuu uga hooseeyaa marka la barbar dhigo surfactants caadiga ah ee leh qaabab isku mid ah.Moleekulaha dusha sare ee baryonic waxa uu leeyahay laba kooxood oo biyo-biyood ah kuwaas oo ka caawiya in ay ilaaliso milmi-biyoodka wanaagsan iyada oo leh silsilado dhaadheer oo hydrophobic ah.Isku xirka biyaha/hawada, surfactants-yada caadiga ah ayaa si dabacsan loo habeeyey iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay saameynta iska caabinta goobta bannaanka iyo diidmada eedeymaha isku midka ah ee molecules, sidaas darteed daciifinta awooddooda si ay u yareeyaan xiisadda dusha sare ee biyaha.Taas bedelkeeda, kooxaha isku xidha Gemini Surfactants ayaa si isku mid ah u xidhan si masaafada u dhaxaysa labada kooxood ee hydrophilic lagu hayo tiro yar (oo aad uga yar masaafada u dhaxaysa kooxaha hydrophilic ee surfactants caadiga ah), taasoo keentay in dhaqdhaqaaqa wanaagsan ee Gemini Surfactants at oogada ( xuduudka).
2.2 Qaab dhismeedka golaha ee Gemini Surfactants
Xalalka aqueous, marka diirada baryonic surfactant kordho, molecules ay dheregsan yihiin oogada ee xalka, taas oo markaa ku qasbaysa molecules kale in ay u guuraan gudaha gudaha ee xalka si ay u sameeyaan miceles.U fiirsashada uu kabilowgu bilaabo inuu sameeyo micelle waxaa loo yaqaan 'critical Micelle Concentration' (CMC).Sida ku cad Jaantuska 9, ka dib marka xooga la saaro ayaa ka weyn CMC, si ka duwan surfactants caadiga ah ee isku dhafan si ay u sameeyaan miceles spherical, Gemini Surfactants waxay soo saaraan noocyo kala duwan oo micele morphologies, sida qaab-dhismeedka toosan iyo bilayer, sababtoo ah sifooyinkooda qaabdhismeedka.Farqiga u dhexeeya cabbirka micelle, qaabka iyo fuuq-celinta ayaa saameyn toos ah ku leh dabeecadda wajiga iyo sifooyinka rheological ee xalka, iyo sidoo kale waxay keenaan isbeddel ku yimaada viscoelasticity xalka.Surfactants-ka caadiga ah, sida surfactants anionic (SDS), sida caadiga ah waxay sameeyaan miceles spherical, kuwaas oo aan wax saameyn ah ku yeelanayn viscosity ee xalka.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaabka gaarka ah ee Gemini Surfactants wuxuu keenaa samaynta qaab-dhismeedka micele ee kakan iyo sifooyinka xalalkooda aqueous si weyn uga duwan yihiin kuwa surfactants caadiga ah.Viscosity ee xalalka aqueous ee Gemini Surfactants waxay kordhisaa xoojinta xoojinta Gemini Surfactants, malaha sababtoo ah micillada toosan ee la sameeyay waxay isku xiraan qaab-dhismeedka shabakadda.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, viscosity ee xalka ayaa hoos u dhacaya iyadoo kor u kaca xoogga saarista, laga yaabo inay sabab u tahay carqaladaynta qaab dhismeedka shabakada iyo samaynta qaabab kale oo micele ah.
03 Sifooyinka lidka ku ah bakteeriyada ee Gemini Surfactants
Sida nooc ka mid ah wakiilka antimicrobial organic, habka antimicrobial ee surfactant baryonic inta badan waa in ay isku daraan anions dusha xuubka gacanta ee microorganisms ama falcelin la kooxaha sulfhydryl si ay u carqaladeeyaan wax soo saarka ee borotiinada iyo xuubabka unug, sidaas burburinta unugyada microbial si ay u joojiyaan. ama dilaan microorganisms.
3.1 Astaamaha ka hortagga jeermiska ee Gemini Surfactants
Astaamaha lidka ku ah bakteeriyada antimicrobial anionic surfactants waxaa inta badan lagu go'aamiyaa dabeecadda unugyada ka hortagga jeermiska ee ay sido.Xalalka colloidal sida caagadaha dabiiciga ah iyo dahaarka, silsiladaha hydrophilic waxay ku xidhaan firdhiyaan biyo-milmi leh, iyo silsiladaha hydrophobic waxay ku xidhi doonaan kala firdhisyada hydrophobic by adsorption jihada, sidaas beddelidda interface laba-weji galay filim interfacial cufan.Kooxaha ka hortagga bakteeriyada ee lakabkan difaaca cufan ayaa xannibaya koritaanka bakteeriyada.
Habka xakamaynta bakteeriyada ee surfactants anionic ayaa asal ahaan ka duwan kan surfactants cationic.Joojinta bakteeriyada ee surfactants anionic waxay la xiriirtaa nidaamkooda xalalka iyo kooxaha xannibaadda, sidaas awgeed nooca surfactant-ka ayaa xaddidan kara.Noocan ah surfactant waa in ay joogaan heerar ku filan si ay surfactantku u joogo gees kasta oo nidaamka si loo soo saaro saameyn microbicidal wanaagsan.Isla mar ahaantaana, nooca surfactant-ka noocan ah ayaa ka maqan meelaynta iyo bartilmaameedka, taas oo aan keenin oo kaliya qashinka aan loo baahnayn, laakiin sidoo kale waxay abuurtaa iska caabin muddo dheer ah.
Tusaale ahaan, biosurfactants-ku-saleysan alkyl sulfonate ayaa loo isticmaalay daawada kiliinikada.Alkyl sulfonates, sida Busulfan iyo Treosulfan, inta badan waxay daaweeyaan cudurada myeloproliferative, iyagoo u dhaqma si ay u soo saaraan isku xidhka u dhexeeya guanine iyo ureapurine, halka beddelkan aan lagu hagaajin karin akhrinta gacanta, taasoo keentay dhimashada unugyada apoptotic.
3.2 Astaamaha lidka ku ah bakteeriyada ee Gemini Surfactants
Nooca ugu muhiimsan ee cationic Gemini Surfactants ee la sameeyay waa quaternary ammonium milix nooca Gemini Surfactants.Quaternary ammonium nooca cationic Gemini Surfactants waxay leeyihiin saameyn bakteeriyada xooggan sababtoo ah waxaa jira laba silsilado alkane dheer oo hydrophobic ah oo ku jira quaternary ammonium nooca baryonic surfactant molecules, iyo silsiladaha hydrophobic waxay sameeyaan xayeysiis hydrophobic leh derbiga unugyada (peptidoglycan);Isla mar ahaantaana, waxay ka kooban yihiin laba ion nitrogen si togan loo dallaco, kaas oo kor u qaadi doona xayeysiiska ee molecules surfactant dusha bakteeriyada si xun u eedeeyay, iyo dhex galitaanka iyo faafin, silsiladaha hydrophobic si qoto dheer u galaan lakabka xuubka unugyada bakteeriyada, beddelo permeability ee xuubka unugga, taasoo keentay in ay dillaacaan ee bakteeriyada, marka lagu daro in kooxaha hydrophilic qoto dheer ee borotiinka, taasoo keentay in luminta hawlaha enzyme iyo denaturation protein, ay sabab u tahay saamaynta isku dhafan ee labadan saamaynta, samaynta fungicides ah ayaa leh a saamayn bakteeriyada xooggan.
Si kastaba ha noqotee, marka laga eego aragtida deegaanka, surfactants-yadani waxay leeyihiin firfircoonida hemolytic iyo cytotoxicity, iyo waqti dheer oo xiriir la leh noolaha biyaha iyo biodegradation waxay kordhin kartaa suntooda.
3.3 Astaamaha lidka bakteeriyada ee Gemini Surfactants nonionic
Hadda waxaa jira laba nooc oo ah Gemini Surfactants, mid waa sokorta laga soo saaro, kan kalena waa khamriga ether iyo phenol ether.
Habka bakteeriyada bakteeriyada biosurfactants-ka-soo-baxa waxay ku saleysan tahay xiriirka molecules-ka, iyo surfactants-ka ka soo jeeda sonkorta waxay ku xidhi karaan xuubka unugyada, kuwaas oo ka kooban tiro badan oo fosfolipids ah.Marka isku-ururinta walxaha sokorta ah ee surfactants ay gaadho heer gaar ah, waxay beddeshaa qulqulka xuubka unugga, samaynta daldaloolada iyo kanaalka ion, taas oo saameyn ku yeelata gaadiidka nafaqeeyayaalka iyo beddelka gaaska, taasoo keenta qulqulka waxa ku jira oo ugu dambeyntii horseedaya dhimashada bakteeriyada.
Habka bakteeriyada ee phenolic iyo aalkolada ethers wakiilada antimicrobial waa inay ku dhaqmaan derbiga unugyada ama xuubka unugyada iyo enzymes, xannibaya hawlaha dheef-shiid kiimikaadka iyo carqaladaynta hawlaha dib-u-soo-nooleynta.Tusaale ahaan, daawooyinka antimicrobial ee diphenyl ethers iyo kuwa ka soo jeeda (phenols) waxay ku dhex milmeen unugyada bakteeriyada ama fayraska waxayna ku dhaqmaan derbiga unugyada iyo xuubka unugyada, xannibaya ficilka iyo shaqada enzymes ee la xidhiidha isku-dhafka asiidhka nucleic iyo borotiinka, xaddidaya koritaanka iyo taranka bakteeriyada.Waxa kale oo ay curyaamisaa shaqada dheef-shiid kiimikaadka iyo neefsiga ee enzymes-ka ku jira bakteeriyada, ka dibna fashilanto.
3.4 Astaamaha lidka bakteeriyada ee Amphoteric Gemini Surfactants
Amphoteric Gemini Surfactants waa nooc ka mid ah surfactants in ay leeyihiin labada cations iyo anions in ay qaab-dhismeedka kelli, ionize karaa in xal aqueous, oo muujiyaan sifooyinka surfactants anionic hal xaalad dhexdhexaad ah iyo cationic surfactants xaalad kale oo dhexdhexaad ah.Habka xakamaynta bakteeriyada ee surfactants amphoteric waa mid aan la aqbali karin, laakiin guud ahaan waxaa la aaminsan yahay in xannibaaddu ay la mid tahay kan quaternary ammonium surfactants, halkaas oo surfactant si fudud loogu dhejiyo dusha bakteeriyada ee si xun loo soo oogay oo farageliya dheef-shiid kiimikaadka bakteeriyada.
3.4.1 Astaamaha ka hortagga jeermiska ee amino acid Gemini Surfactants
Amino acid nooca baryonic surfactant waa cationic amphoteric baryonic surfactant ka kooban yahay laba amino acids, sidaa darteed habka ay antimicrobial waxa uu la mid yahay quaternary ammonium milixda nooca baryonic surfactant.Qaybta si fiican loo dallacay ee surfactant-ku waxay soo jiidataa qaybta taban ee dusha bakteeriyada ama fayraska sababtoo ah isdhexgalka elektaroonigga ah, ka dibna silsiladaha hydrophobic waxay ku xidhaan xayndaabka dufanka leh, taasoo keenta qulqulka unugyada unugyada iyo lysis ilaa dhimashada.Waxay leedahay faa'iidooyin la taaban karo oo ku saabsan quaternary ammonium-based Gemini Surfactants: biodegradability sahlan, dhaqdhaqaaqa hemolytic hooseeya, iyo sunta hoose, sidaas darteed waxaa loo horumariyaa codsigeeda iyo goobta codsiga waa la ballaariyay.
3.4.2 Astaamaha lidka bakteeriyada ee nooca Gemini Surfactants oo aan ahayn amino acid
Nooca Amphoteric Gemini Surfactants ee aan-amino acid-ka ahayn waxay leeyihiin hadhaaga molecular oo firfircoon oo ay ku jiraan xarumo lacag-bixineed oo togan iyo mid taban labadaba.Nooca ugu weyn ee Gemini Surfactants oo aan ahayn amino acid waa betaine, imidazoline, iyo amine oxide.Qaadashada nooca betaine tusaale ahaan, nooca betaine-ka amphoteric surfactants waxay leeyihiin kooxo anionic iyo cationic labadaba molecules-yadooda, kuwaas oo aan si fudud u saameynin milixyada aan noolaha ahayn waxayna leeyihiin saameyn surfactant ah labadaba xalalka acidic iyo alkaline, iyo habka antimicrobial ee cationic Gemini Surfactants waa raacay xalal acidic iyo tan anionic Gemini Surfactants ee xalalka alkaline.Waxa kale oo ay leedahay qaab-dhismeed heer sare ah oo leh noocyada kale ee surfactants.
04 Gabagabo iyo aragti
Gemini Surfactants ayaa si sii kordheysa loogu isticmaalo nolosha sababtoo ah qaab-dhismeedkooda gaarka ah, waxaana si weyn loogu isticmaalaa dhinacyada jeermiska bakteeriyada, wax soo saarka cuntada, xumbo-baxa iyo xakamaynta xumbo, si tartiib tartiib ah daroogada loo sii daayo iyo nadiifinta warshadaha.Iyada oo ay sii kordheyso baahida loo qabo ilaalinta deegaanka cagaaran, Gemini Surfactants ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah loogu horumariyay bey'ada saaxiibtinimo iyo qalabyo kala duwan.Cilmi-baarista mustaqbalka ee Gemini Surfactants waxaa lagu fulin karaa dhinacyada soo socda: horumarinta Gemini Surfactants cusub oo leh qaabab iyo shaqooyin gaar ah, gaar ahaan xoojinta cilmi-baarista bakteeriyada iyo fayraska;isku darka surfactants ama wax lagu daro si ay u sameeyaan alaabo leh waxqabad wanaagsan;iyo isticmaalka raqiis ah oo si sahlan loo heli karo alaabta ceeriin si ay u abuuraan Gemini Surfactants deegaanka saaxiibtinimo.
Waqtiga boostada: Mar-25-2022