Tusmada waxyaabaha ku jira ee maqaalkan:
1. Horumarinta amino acids
2. Guryaha qaabdhismeedka
3. Halabuurka kiimikada
4.clation
5. Synthesis
6. Guryaha pityfochical
7. Sunta sunta
8. Waxqabadka lidka ku ah
9. Guryaha rheololojiyada
10. Codsiyada ku jira warshadaha is-qurxinta
11. Codsiyada ku jira qurxinta maalin kasta
Acino acid acid acid (AAS)Waa fasal ka mid ah surfacarts-ka lagu sameeyay isku darka kooxaha hydrophobic hal ama in kabadan amino acids. Xaaladdan oo kale, acids-ka amino waxay noqon kartaa isku-darka ama laga soo saari karo borotiinka hydrolols-ka ama ilo la taaban karo oo la mid ah. Waraaqusi wuxuu daboolayaa faahfaahinta inta badan wadooyinka ugu badan ee loo yaqaan 'aaladaha la heli karo ee AAS iyo saameynta marinnada kaladuwan ee guryaha muuqaalka ah ee badeecadaha dhamaadka, oo ay kujirto xaruuf, xasilloonida kala-guurka, sunta iyo nooleyada. Iyada oo ah fasal sabool ah oo loo adeegsado baahida sii kordheysa, waxa quseeya awooda AAS dartood qaab dhismeedkooda doorsoomayaasha ah ayaa bixiya tiro badan oo fursado ganacsi ah.
Marka la eego in sagxadaha in si balaadhan loogu isticmaalo saabuunta, emulsifiers, xakamaynta saliida, soo kabashada saliida ee jaamacadda iyo dawooyinka, cilmi-baarayaashu waligood ma joogsan inay fiiro gaar ah siiyaan sursiyadaha.
Surfacts-ka waa badeecadaha kiimikada ee ugu badan ee kiimikada ah ee lagu cuno tiro aad u badan maalin kasta oo adduunka ah oo ay saameyn xun ku yeeshaan jawiga biyaha.Daraasaduhu waxay muujiyeen in isticmaalka baahsan ee ka-hortagga sunta-dhaqameedku ay saameyn xun ku yeelan karaan deegaanka.
Maanta, aan sun ahayn, noole-darrida iyo biocompadity iyo biocompattarity waa muhiim u ah macaamiisha inay yihiin utility iyo waxqabadka saliidaha.
Biyourfacts-yada waa sawayseeyo-saaxiibtinimo oo deegaanka ah oo dabiici ah oo dabiiciga ah oo ay dabiiciyan ku samaynayaan shebaarka sida bakteeriyada, fangaska, iyo khamiirka, ama khamiirka si qarsoodi ah.Sidaa darteed, biosurfactus-ka waxaa sidoo kale lagu diyaarin karaa qaabeynta molokal ee qaabdhismeedka dabiiciga ah ee dabiiciga ah, sida fosfooraska, alkyl glycosides iyo aslyl amino acids.
Acino acid acid acid (AAS)waa mid ka mid ah sarkaallada caadiga ah, oo badanaa laga soo saaro xayawaanka ama alaabta ceyriinka ee beeraha ah ee loo yaqaan 'Beeraha'. Labaatankii sano ee la soo dhaafay, AAS waxay soo jiiteen xiisiyad aad u badan ee saynisyahannadu inay yihiin wax lagu buufiyo oo keliya, laakiin waxaa sidoo kale lagu saadaali karaa ilaha dib-u-cusboonaysiinta, laakiin AAs si aan dhib lahayn ayaa loo isticmaali karaa oo aan dhib lahayn, taasoo ka dhigeysa mid ka nabdoon deegaanka.
AAS waxaa lagu qeexi karaa fasal surpaks oo ka kooban amino acids amino oo ay kujiraan kooxaha amino acid (HO 2 C-chr-nh 2) ama haraaga amino acid (HO 2 c-nh-). 2-ka gobol ee shaqeeya ee Amino acids ee Amino Acid ayaa u oggolaanaya soo saarista noocyo kala duwan oo sagooyin ah. Isugeyn 20 oo acids ah oo caadi ah Waxay is khilaafsan yihiin oo keliya sida ku xusan haraaga r (Jaantus 1, PK A waa logarithm taban ee kala-goynta aashitada ee joogtada ah ee xalka). Qaarkood waa kuwa aan ahayn-polar iyo hydrophobic, qaar waa xaaqin iyo biyo-biyoodka, qaarna waa aasaasi, qaarna waa aashito.
Sababtoo ah amino acids waa xeryahooda la cusbooneysiin karo, surfacts-ka ayaa lagu saleeyay amino acids amino sidoo kale waxay leedahay awood sare oo ay ku noqdaan kuwa waara iyo jawi saaxiibtinimo. Qaab dhismeedka fudud oo dabiiciga ah, sunta hoose iyo biodegradenafininta deg-degga ah ayaa had iyo jeer ka dhigaya inay ka sarreeyaan sayga caadiga ah. Adeegsiga alaabta ceyriinka ee la cusbooneysiin karo (sida amino acids amino iyo saliidaha cuntada), AAs waxaa soo saari kara wadooyin kala duwan oo bayoolaji ah iyo wadooyin kiimikaad.
Horraantii qarnigii 20aad, amino acids ayaa markii ugu horreysay la ogaadey in loo isticmaalo sida isku-darka isku-darka surwadaasida.Aas waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa sidii dadka lagu keydiyo ee dawooyinka iyo dawooyinka la isku qurxiyo.Intaas waxaa sii dheer, AAS waxaa laga helay inuu yahay bayoolaji ahaan firfircoon oo ka dhan ah bakteeriyada kaladuwan ee cudurrada, burooyinka, buruqyada, iyo fayrasyada. Sanadkii 1988, helitaanka qiima-qaali ah AAS danaha Cilmi-baaris oo ka soo saartay waxqabadka dusha sare. Maanta, oo leh horumarinta bayoolaji, qaar amino acids amino ayaa sidoo kale lagu kaliqi karaa in ganacsi weyn uu ku jiro khamiir khamiir, kaas oo si aan toos ah u cadeynayo in soosaarka AAS ay aad u fiican tahay deegaanka.
01 Horumarinta amino acids
Ilaa bilowgii qarnigii 19aad, markii si dabiici ah u dhacda acids amino acids ee amino ayaa markii hore la saadaaliyay, qaabdhismeedkooda waxaa la saadaaliyay inay yihiin kuwo aad u qiimo badan - ashyaa'da ceeriin u ah diyaarinta Amphiphililes. Daraasaddii ugu horreysay ee ku saabsan isku-darka AAs waxaa soo wariyey Bondi sanadkii 1909.
Daraasaddaas, N-Acylglycie iyo N-acylalanine waxaa loo soo bandhigay sidii kooxo ku-meel-dhaaf ah oo loogu talagalay surwaalaryaasha. Shaqada ku xigta waxay ku lug lahayd isku-darka isku-darka aashitada lipoamino (aas) iyadoo la adeegsanayo glcine iyo Alaniine, iyo hentrich et al. daabacay taxane natiijooyin ah,oo ay kujirto arjiga koowaad ee patent-ka, iyadoo la adeegsanayo acyl shricinate iyo actyrs rritates cusbada sida surpatics ee alaabooyinka nadiifinta guryaha (sida shaambooyinka shaambada, saabuunta iyo ilkaha).Intaa ka dib, cilmi baarayaal badan ayaa baaray isku-darka isku-darka iyo astaamaha jirka ee acids amino amino. Illaa iyo hadda, jir weyn oo suugaaneed ayaa lagu daabacay isku-darka isku-darka, guryaha, codsiyada warshadaha iyo dib-u-habeynka AAS.
02 dhisme qaab dhismeed
Xirmooyinka aashitada ee dufanka badan ee hilibka loo yaqaan 'prodrophobic' ee aas cunay waa ku kala duwanaan karaan qaab dhismeedka, dhererka silsiladda iyo lambarka.Kala duwanaanshaha qaab-dhismeedka iyo waxqabadka dusha sare ee AAS waxay sharraxayaan kala duwanaanshahooda ballaaran ee is-weydaarsiga iyo astaamaha cilmiga bayoolajiyada. Kooxaha madaxa ee Aas waxay ka kooban yihiin amino acids ama abaarta. Farqiga u dhexeeya kooxaha madaxa ayaa go'aamiya xayeysiinta, isku-darka iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa bayoolajiga ee surfacaas. Kooxaha waxqabadka ee kooxda ayaa ka dib go'aamiya nooca Aas, oo ay ku jiraan catatic, anionic, aan ahayn, iyo Amphotioric. Isku-darka iskudhafka aminophilic amino acids iyo silsiladaha carrada ee hydrophobic-ka waxay sameeyaan qaab-dhismeedka sunta ah ee ka dhigaya dusha sare ee molecule aad u sarreeya. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, joogitaanka atom-ka kaarboon aslowmetric ee molecuule-ka wuxuu ka caawiyaa sameynta molecules chiral.
03 Isku-dhafka kiimikada
Dhammaan abaarta iyo polypeptites-ka ayaa ah wax soo saarka polymomemization ee ku dhawaad 20-α-bogagogenic α-amino acids. Dhammaan 20-amino acids-ka oo ay kujiraan koox-qabatada shaqeeya aashitada ee carbboxylic acid (- - kooxda waxqabadka firfircoon ee AMINO Amino acids ee midba midka kale ka duwan yahay kooxaha r-kaarboonka (marka laga reebo Lycine, halkaas oo ay tahay kooxda 'ver's hy except is is. Groups groups groups groups) )ት. Kala duwanaanshahaasi waxay sidoo kale go'aamiyaan jilicida salka acid acids ee biyaha.
Amino acids waa chiral (marka laga reebo Glycine) oo si fiican ayaa loogu firfircoon yahay dabeecadda maxaa yeelay waxay leeyihiin afar waxyaabo kale oo ku xiran Alpha kaarboon. Amino acids waxay leeyihiin laba is-waafaqayn suurogal ah; Iyagu waa sawirro muraayad ah oo aan isku xirnayn midba midka kale, in kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in tirada dadka iskoolka ah ay aad u badan yihiin. Kooxda R-GOP-ka ayaa ku jirta qaar ka mid amino acids ah Acidic α-coroh aasaasiga ah iyo aashitada α-nh 2 ee amino acids waxay awood u leeyihiin ionization, iyo labada dhibco ah, mid kastoo ay yihiin, oo ay dhisaan isu-dheellitirka ionigium ee lagu muujiyey hoosta.
R-coroh ↔r-Coo-+ H+
R-nh3+↔r-nh2+ H+
Sida ka muuqata isu-dheellitirka ionization ee kor ku xusan, amino acids waxaa ku jira ugu yaraan laba kooxo aashito oo daciif ah; Si kastaba ha noqotee, kooxda carboxyl waa asiid badan marka la barbar dhigo kooxda Aminoron ee la ilaaliyo. PH 7.4, kooxda carboxyl waa la wiiqayaa inta kooxda aminotes ah la ilaaliyo. Acids amino acids oo leh kooxo aan la arki karin oo ah koorsooyinka r ee korantada ayaa ah kuwo dhexdhexaad ka ah ph this iyo foomka zwerional.
04 kala-soocidda
Aas waxaa loo kala saari karaa iyadoo loo eegayo afar shuruudood, oo lagu sharaxay hoosta wareegga.
4.1 Marka loo eego asalka
| Marka loo eego asalka, Aas waxaa loo qaybin karaa 2 qaybood sida soo socota. ① Qaybta dabiiciga ah Qaar ka mid ah xeryahooda dabiiciga ah ee ay ku jiraan amino acids Amino sidoo kale waxay leeyihiin awood ay ku yareeyaan xiisadda dusha sare / isugeynta, qaarna xitaa ka badan waxtarka glycolipids. AAs kuwan waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan lipopept-ka. Lipopeptides-ka ayaa ah xeryahooda miisaanka molikal ee molikalar, oo badanaa ay soo saaraan noocyada baclus ah.
AAS noocan oo kale ah ayaa loo qaybiyaa 3 shanqadood oo ah:Starsin, Itrin iyo Fengycin.
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| Qoyska oo ka mid ah hantida-firfircoon ee ay ka kooban yihiin istaraatiijiyada istaraatiijiyada ee walxaha kaladuwan ee walxaha kaladuwan,Sida ka muuqata Jaantuska 2a, oo ay tahay C12-C16 silsilad Acid ee dufanka leh ee dufanka leh ee dufanka leh ee dufanka leh ee dufanku ay ku xiran yihiin pept-ka. Pet-ka-jilicsan ee Pet-ka waa Lacrocyclone-ka Macrocyclic oo giraantu ku xiran tahay cunsuriyada u dhexeysa c-sunsius of β-hydroxy dufanka badan ee dufanka badan iyo peptide. Qofka hoosaadka ah ee itrin, waxaa ku yaal lix nooc oo waaweyn, oo ah Itchine A iyo C, MyCsubtilin iyo Bacnomycin iyo Bacnomycin d, F iyo L.Xaaladaha oo dhan, xaaladaha isqabashada ah waxay kuxirantahay silsiladaha C14-C17 ee β-amino acids acids (silsilado ay kala duwanaan karaan). Marka laga hadlayo Ekurimycins, kooxda Amino ee ka jirta β-mowqifku wuxuu sameyn karaa dammaanad xireen ah oo ay la socoto c-trinaus sidaas darteed samaynta qaab-dhismeedka lactam-ka macrocyclic.
Subclass Fengycin waxaa ku jira fengycin a iyo b, kaas oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan 'plepastatin' marka Tyr9 waa dy la habeeyay.Dezaptopt-ka wuxuu ku xiran yahay C14 -C18 oo buuqsan ama aan ku qanacsanayn Si heersil ah, plepostatin sidoo kale waa caajiska macrocyclic, oo ay kujirto silsilad dhinaca Tyr ah oo ku taal booska 3aad ee isku xigxigtada.
② Qaybta isku-darka Aas waxaa sidoo kale lagu qiyaasi karaa iyadoo la adeegsanayo mid ka mid ah aashitada aashitada, aasaasiga ah iyo dhexdhexaadnimada amino. Acids caanka ah ee amino ee loo isticmaalo isku-darka Aas waa clutamis acid, kareem, proline, glycine, alanine, alanine, iyo borotiinka hawada. Subclass-kaan ee surplants-ka waxaa lagu diyaarin karaa kiimiko, enzymatic, iyo hababka kemicinta ah; Si kastaba ha noqotee, soo saarista AAS, isku-darka kiimikada ayaa dhaqaale ahaan macquul ah. Tusaalooyinka caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah n-lauroyl-l-glutamic acid iyo n-palmimiloyl acid-ka.
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4.2 Ku saleysan Aliphatic silsiladaha
Iyada oo ku saleysan wax lagu beddelo silsiladaha aliphatic, summada amino acid amino acid ayaa loo qaybin karaa 2 nooc.
Marka loo eego booska beddelka
| ①n-beddelay AAS Xeryahooda n-la beddelay, koox amino ah ayaa lagu beddelay koox lipophophophic ah ama koox carbophilic ah ama koox carbophilic ah, taasoo dhalisay in ay lumiso. Tusaalaha ugu fudud ee N -As-ka la beddelay waa a acids n-acyl amino amino, kuwaas oo ah aasaaska ugu muhiimsan anionic. N-Waxaa lagu beddelay AAS waxay leedahay dammaanad mid ka mid ah oo u dhexeeya qaybaha biyaha iyo biyo-galeenka. Beddelka ee amierka ah wuxuu awood u leeyahay inuu sameeyo bond bond-ka hydrogen, kaas oo fududeeya nabaad-guurka qalabkaan jawiga aashitada, sidaas darteedna wuxuu ka dhigayaa noolaha.
②c-beddelay AAS Xeryaha la beddelay ee C-Tirtifed, waxaa ku badan ku-dadashadu ka dhacdaa Carboxyl kooxda Cardbyl (iyada oo loo sii marayo gabadh ama debaaji). Xeeruudaha caadiga ah ee la beddelay (tusaale ahaan enges ama gabadh) waa saqafyada aasaasiga ah ee sababa cataliyadooda.
③n- iyo C-beddelay AAs Noocan salka ah, labadaba amino iyo carboxyl-ka labadaba waa qaybta ku-nuuxida. Noocani waa asal ahaan waa wax dusha sare ah. |
4.3 Marka loo eego tirada dabada biyaha ka hortagga ah
Iyada oo ku saleysan tirada kooxaha madadaalada iyo dabo-gan-ka hydrophobic, AAs waxaa loo qaybin karaa afar koox. Si toos ah silsilado AAS, Gemini (Dimicer) Nooca Aas, glycelolipid Nooca AAS, iyo busphilic-ka busphilic (bola) Nooca AAS. Qalabka tooska ah ee silsiladaha tooska ah ee si toos ah ayaa loo dajinayaa oo ka kooban amino acids amino leh oo keliya hal dabada hydrophobic (Jaantus 3). Nooca Gemini Nooca AAS waxay leedahay laba madaxiin ah oo amino acid ah iyo laba dalool oo biyo-galeenka ah molecule (Jaantus 4). Qaab dhismeedka noocan ah, labada silsiladood ee AAS ee tooska ah ayaa lagu xiraa meel bannaan oo sidaas darteed loo yaqaanno dhumuc. Nooca glycelolipid Nooca AAS, dhinaca kale, labada ka mid ah ee dareeraha ah ayaa ku lifaaqan isla kooxda madada amino amino. Surwarts-kaan waxaa loo tixgelin karaa inay yihiin anagags of monoglycerides, qolodlyces iyo fosfooraska, inta lagu qoro Bola-nooca AAS, laba koox oo amino acid ah ayaa ku xidhan dabada biyo-baxa.
4.4 Sida ku xusan nooca kooxda madaxa
①cation aAs
Kooxda madaxa ee nooca nooca noocan ah waxay leedahay lacag wanaagsan. CASICIC AAS waa in Ethyl Cocoyl Cocoyl Code, oo ah Pyrrolidone Cardxuylate. Sifooyinka gaarka ah iyo kuwa kaladuwan ee sagxaddaan waxay waxtar u yeelanayaan jeermis dila, walxaha lidka ku ah, wakiilada ka hortaga jirka, iyo sidoo kale in si tartiib ah indhaha iyo maqaarka loo yaqaan 'beidegrade -le'. Heesaha iyo Mhatre Strimine-ka Argininic-ku saleysan Arganine Aas oo lagu qiimeeyay guryahooda muuqaalka ah. Daraasaddan, waxay sheegteen wax soo saar sare oo ah badeecooyinka lagu soo saaray iyadoo la adeegsanayo xaalado falcelinta ee Barann-Baumann. Iyada oo la kordhiyo dhererka silsiladda alkyl iyo hydrophobicitity, waxqabadka dusha sare ee salka lagu soo rogay ayaa la helay inay kordho iyo feejignaanta muhiimka ah ee micro (cmc) si loo yareeyo. Mid kale ayaa ah borotiinka achyl borotiinka, kaas oo si caadi ah loogu isticmaalo daweynta alaabada timaha timaha.
②inionic Aas
Surwadda Anionic ee Anionic, kooxda madaxa madaxa ah ee salka ku haysa ayaa leh qalad xun. Sarcosine (ch 3 -nh-ch 2 -cyly, n-metylglglcine), amino acid caadi ahaan laga helo urchines badda iyo xiddigaha badda, waa 2 -ch acid-ka aminoh ee aasaasiga ah ee laga helo unugyada naasaha. -Coh,) waa mid keaskado ah oo laxiriira glycine, oo ah amino acid aasaasi ah oo laga helo unugyada naasaha. Lauric acid, Tetdecanaoic acid, ociec acid iyo harahooda iyo guryahooda waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu saleeyo surxisyada surcosiska. Surcosinates waa mid sahlan oo si fudud ayaa loo isticmaalaa afduuxa afka lagu haayo, shaambada, buufinta xiirashada xumbada, qoraxda qoraxda, nadiifiyeyaasha maqaarka, iyo waxyaabaha kale ee qurxinta.
Ganacsi kale oo ganacsi ah anas waxaa ka mid ah amisoft cs-22 iyo amilitegck-12, kuwaas oo ah magacyada ganacsiga ee sodium n-coconl-l-cotagamate iyo cotasium n-cocoyl glycinate, siday u kala horreeyaan. Amiilite waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa wakiil xumo, saabuun, emulsifier, emulsifier, oo ay ku leedahay codsiyo badan, saabuun nadiif ah, saabuun nadiif ah, ka nadiifin lens-ka, surfacadaha guryaha. AMISOFT waxaa loo isticmaalaa sidii maqaarka khafiifka ah iyo nadiifinta timaha, oo inta badan wajiga iyo nadiifiyeyaasha jirka, ku xir saabuunta isku-darka, alaabada daryeelka jirka, shaambooyinka daryeelka jirka iyo alaabada kale ee daryeelka maqaarka.
③zwitterionic ama Amphotic AAs
Surwarts-ka Amphotioteric waxaa ku jira labadaba acidic iyo aasaasi labadaba isla markaana markaa wax ka beddeli kara dacwadooda iyagoo beddelaya qiimaha pH. Alkaline Media waxay u dhaqmaan sidii saqafyada alkanic, halka ay ku sugan yihiin aagga aashitada ee ay u dhaqmaan sida wax damacyada canoo ah iyo warbaahinta dhexdhexaadnimada ah sida subka amphoticrics. Lauryl Lysine (LL) iyo Alkoxy (2-Hydroxypropyl) Arginine waa saqafka kaliya ee sunta ah ee ku saleysan amino acids amino. LL waa wax soo saarka uumiga ee leysane iyo lauric acid. Qaab dhismeedka amphoteric, ll waa mid aan ka badneyn dhammaan noocyada dareeraha ah, marka laga reebo xalka alkaline ama waxyaabaha aashitada ah. Sida budada dabiiciga ah, LL waxay leedahay adhesion aad u wanaagsan oo ku jirta sagxadaha biyaha kululeedka ah iyo koronto yar oo jahwareer ah oo kala go 'ah, oo siinta saliiddan sare ee saliidaha. LL waxaa si ballaaran loogu isticmaalaa kareemada maqaarka iyo qaboojiyeyaasha timaha, waxaana sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa saliidaha.
④nonitic aas
Surwaalts-ka aan daneynin waxaa lagu gartaa kooxaha madaxa Polar ah iyadoon la soo dallacin rasmi ah. Sideed Surviosyloylucy oo aan caadi ahayn oo aan caadi aheyn oo ay diyaariyeen Al-Sabagh et al. laga soo bilaabo saliida-mideynta α-amino acids. Hawshan, L-Phenylalanine (LEP) iyo L-Leucine ayaa markii ugu horreysay lagu eryay hexadCaanol, oo ay ku xigto xiliil iyadoo ay weheliso laba naafo ah oo ay ku siiyaan laba amer amino acids α-amino acids. Kuwa ka dhex jira iyo guryaha ka dib maneyra falcelinta uumiga leh ee leh ethylenene oxide si loogu diyaariyo saddex phenylalanine oo leh tiro kala duwan oo unugyo polonoxyothenylen (40, 60 iyo 100). AAs-kaan Aas ee aan la helin ayaa laga helay inay leeyihiin dhaawac wanaagsan iyo guryo xumaaday.
05 synthesis
5.1 Jid Aasaasi ah
AAS, kooxaha hydrophobic-ka waxaa lagu dhejin karaa goobaha amine ama carboxylic acid, ama silsiladaha dhinaca ee amino acids. Iyada oo ku saleysan tan, afar wado oo aasaasi ah oo aasaasi ah ayaa la heli karaa, sida lagu muujiyey Jaantuska 5.
Jaantusyada aasaasiga ah ee Jaantusyada Sawirka
| Dariiqa 1. Esterpilic ester-ka amphilic-ka waxaa soosaar leh ficil-celinta eclixinta, taas oo ay dhacdo in synthesis-ka dusha sare lagu sameeyo iyadoo lagu kicinayo aalkolo dufan leh iyo acids amino-ga oo jiritaanka wakiilka fuuq-baxa iyo waxtarka aashitada. Falcelinnada qaarkood, sulfuric acid waxay u shaqeysaa sida labadaba wax soo saar iyo wakiil fuuq-baxa.
Dariiqa 2aad. Acid acid amino acidsct waxay ka falcelisaa alkylamines si ay u sameeyaan xisbiyada xisbiyada, taasoo dhalisay isku-darka isku-darka ee amphiphilic-ka Amphiphilic.
Dariiqa 3aad. Acids amidos-ka waxaa la isku halleeyaa iyadoo ka falceliya kooxaha Amain acids amino acids amido.
Dariiqa 4. Silsiladaha muddada-dheer ee alkyl amino acids waxaa ka mid ah falcelinta kooxaha Amalka iyo halokalkan. |
5.2 Koronto ku saabsan isku-darka iyo wax soo saarka
5.2.1 Synthesis of Sustsis-ka Aamino acid / Peptide-ka Peptide
N-acyl ama o-asyl acids acids ama peptins amino waxaa lagu qiyaasi karaa sumcadda enzyme-danaystey ee kooxo amine ama hydroxyl kooxdo ah oo leh acids dufan leh. Warbixinta ugu horeysa ee ku saabsan isku-darka lipuse-ka-caleenta ee 'content-conpent-ka' ee amino acid ama mether esters-ka ee methars-ka, oo ay soosaarta ka soo baxaan 25% ilaa 90% waxay kuxirantahay bartilmaameedka amino acid. Metylylthytyl ketone ketone Ketone ayaa sidoo kale loo istcimaalay sidii xallin jawaab celin qaarkood. Vonderhagen et al. Waxa kale oo lagu sharaxay lipase iyo falcelinta n-reather-ka ee ciribtirka leh ee aminols-ka aminols, borotiinka hyrolols-ka iyo / ama asifys-ka isticmaalaya biyo isku dar ah iyo solvillformation / biyo-qabad dabiici ah (.
Maalmihii hore, dhibaatada ugu weyn ee lagu sameeyo isku-darka caleenta ee AAS wuxuu ahaa soosaarkii hoose. Sida laga soo xigtay vallevety et al. Soosaarka N-TERTARECANONOYL Amino acid Acid Acid ayaa ahayd kaliya 2% -10% xitaa ka dib markii la isticmaalay lipasyo kala duwan oo ay ku soo baxaan 70 ° C oo ah maalmo badan. Montet et al. Sidoo kale waxay la kulmeen dhibaatooyin la xiriira dhalidda hoose ee amino acids ee isku-darka ah ee isku-darka n-acyl lisines iyadoo la adeegsanayo aashitada dufanka iyo saliidaha khudradda. Sida laga soo xigtay iyaga, dhalidda ugu badan ee sheygu wuxuu ahaa 19% xaaladaha bilaashka ah iyo adeegsiga dareeraha dabiiciga ah. Isla dhibaatadaas ayaa lagula kulmay Valevty Et Al. In isku-darka n-cbz-l-Lysine ama n-cbz-lsine phieres esters esters.
Daraasaddan, waxay sheegteen in dhalidda 3-o-terdecanoyl-L-Trinerine uu ahaa 80% markii la adeegsanayo Serine-ka N-Ilaalin ah sida substrate iyo Novozyme 435 sidii u horseeday jawiga jaban ee jaranjarada. Nagao iyo Kito waxay bartay O-Ecyration of L-Emploserine, L-thyrosine iyo L-Thyrosine iyo L-Thyrosine iyo LIPYONENENDS MARKA AQOONSIGA (RHIPASENENS) oo ay ka heleen soosaarka ee L-isna Aclylation of L-thwenonine oo ha udhacay.
Baarayaal badan ayaa taageeray adeegsiga raqiiska ah ee laga heli karo subterates-ka ee la heli karo ee isku-darka AAS ee waxtarka leh ee AAS. Soo et al. Waxay sheegteen in diyaarinta saliida saliida saliida Palm-Palm ay sifiican ugu shaqeyso LipolilililililililililililililililesMe. Waxay xustay in dhalidda badeecada ay fiicnaan laheyd in kasta oo waqtigii loo isticmaalo falcelinta (6 maalmood). Gerova et al. Baadhisay isku-darka iyo waxqabadka dusha sare ee Chiral N-Palimiloyl Aas oo ku saleysan methioniine, la-soo-rogista, Leucine, Leukine, Leentlalanine iyo Phenylglycine-ka isku dar ah ee ku jira / dhiigga. Pang iyo CHU waxay ku sharaxeen isku-darka isku-darka monomers ee ku saleysan aminomes iyo monomes-ka ku saleysan aashitada ku saleysan aashitada ee ku saleysan ee guryaha ku saleysan polymide ee ku saleysan cudurka polynoide ee ku saleysan polynoide ee ku saleysan cudurka polynoide ee ku saleysan xalka ah ee xalka.
Caroeuzene iyo Guerreiro waxay sheegeen in lagu garto eccication of kooxaha 'Carbboxylic acid' ee Boc-Ala-Alla-oh-Achikol-oht-oht-oh (spharese 4b (Seepharese 4b) inay yihiin wax soo saar. Daraasaddan, ficil-celinta Boc-ala-oh oo khamri ah oo dufan leh ilaa 16 carbs-ka ayaa bixiyay wax-soo-saar wanaagsan (51%), halka Boc-ASS-ap-oh ay ka fiicnaadeen, oo leh dhalid ku habboon oo ah 63% [64]. 99.9%) ee soosaarka u dhexeeya 58% ilaa 76%, oo ay isku dayeen samaynta silsilado ah silsilad ah oo leh aalkolo dheer oo leh cbz-ome, halkaas oo papain u adeegsaday wax lagula dhaqmo.
5.2.2 Synthesis of Gemini amino acid / peptide-ka peptide
Qalabka 'Gemini acid' ee ku saleysan ee amino acid-ka amini waxay ka kooban tahay laba silsiladood oo silsilado ah oo silsilado ah Waxaa jira 2 qorshooyinka suurtogalka ah ee isku-darka kiimikada kiimikada Jaantuska 6, 2 amino acid acid acid ayaa ka falceliyay xarunta koox boos ah ka dibna 2 kooxo biyo-galeenka ah ayaa la soo bandhigay. Jaantuska 7, qaabdhismeedka silsiladda tooska ah ee tooska ah ayaa si toos ah isugu xiraya kooxda ugu ololeynta.
Horumarinta ugu horreysa ee synthesis-ka-cagaaran ee enzyme-cagta ee Gemini Lipoamino acids ayaa ku hoggaansamay Valevence Et Al. Yoshimura et al. Baadhisay isku-darka isku-darka, xayeysiinta iyo isku-darka ee game acid amini acid amini surfacat oo ku saleysan cystane iyo n-alkyl bromide. Saldhigga surwadka la isku dhejiyay ayaa la barbar dhigay sarkaallada u dhigma ee u dhigma monomeric-ka. Fasino Et Al. Wuxuu ku tilmaamay isku-darka isku-darka anionic Aas ee ku saleysan Lystine, DL-cysteine, l-cysteine, l-sulsteine, le-sulsteine iyo lammaaneyaal dusha sare ee giijiin ah oo ay ku jirto dabeecadda dusha sare ee gobolka. Waxaa la muujiyay in qiimaha CMC ee Gemini uu hoos u dhacay iyadoo la barbar dhigo Moromer iyo Gemini.
Sawirka MinG.6 Synthesis ee Gemini Aas iyadoo la adeegsanayo AA.
Jaantuska7 Synthesis ee Gemini Aass Aas iyadoo la adeegsanayo meelihii ugu dambeeyay ee mufaca iyo Aas
5.2.
Glycelolipid Amino acid / Peptide-ka waa nooc cusub oo ah lipid amino acids-ka qaab dhismeedka ah ee glycel mowduucyada hal ama fosfooraska ah oo ay ka mid yihiin hal amino acids oo isku xidhan laf-dhabarka Glyer. Isku-darka ka mid ah surpaks-ka kuwan ayaa ku bilaabmaya diyaarinta esters Glycelce ee loogu talagalay acids amino ee heerkulka sare iyo joogitaanka aashitada (tusaale ahaan bf 3). Synthesis-ka-soo-saarka-caloosha (oo adeegsanaya heystaro, badbaado iyo libaaxyo sida wax u dhinta) sidoo kale waa ikhtiyaar fiican (Jaantuska 8).
Synthesis-ka-cagaaran ee 'Enzonme-ka' ee Arganine Glycerides ayaa ku dhacay iyadoo la adeegsanayo Papain-ga. Isku-darka 'diacylglycerol esters ester esters laga helo acetylarchinine iyo qiimeynta guryaha jir ahaaneed ayaa sidoo kale la soo sheegay.
Jaantus 18 synthesis of mono iyo diacylglycel amino acid
Difaaca: NH- (ch2)10-Nh: compushy1
Meel banaan: nh-c6H4-Nh: compast2
Difaaca: ch2-Ch2: ComputationB3
Jaantus 19 Synthesis ee summetric Amphemphililes oo ka soo baxay Tris (hydroxymetyl) aminomethane
5.2.4 Synthesis of amino acid ee fadhiga fadhiga / peptide-ka
Amino acid-ku-saleysan ee 'amino acid-ku-saleysan' Frackchi et al. Wuxuu ku tilmaamay isku-darka 'bola-liteiphililes' oo leh 2 amino acids (d- ama l-alanine ama l-alanine ama l-silslrine) iyo 1 silsilad ah oo dherer ah oo kala duwan oo ay baarteen waxqabadkooda dusha sare. Waxay ka wada hadlaan isku-darka isku-darka 'nephiphiles' casriphililes-ka ah ee 'nephiphililes' oo ah jajab asiyo acid ah oo amino acid ah (oo loo adeegsado mid aan caadi ahayn β-amino acid ama aalkolo) iyo koox-dhimis C12 -C20. Acids-yada aan caadiga ahayn β-amino acids loo isticmaalo 'aminothymin', azt) azt acid (Azt), amino acid, iyo aalkolo ama amino amino oo laga soo qaatay AZT (Jaantus 9). Isku-darka isku-darka sumadaha bola-nooca sunta-nooca ah ee ka soo baxay Tris (hydroxymyrethyl) aminomethetyl) aminomethane (tris) (Jaantus 9).
06 Astaamaha PityICochical
Waxaa si fiican loo ogyahay in qalabka wax lagu dhejiyo asaarada ee Amino acid (AAS) ay kala duwan yihiin oo ay leeyihiin codsiyo wanaagsan oo ka mid ah xaraashyo badan sida xaraashka wanaagsan, waxqabadka sare ee firfircoonaanta, waxqabadka sare ee firfircoonaanta, dulqaadashada wanaagsan ee looqaadan karo (dulqaadka ion ee cagaaran).
Iyada oo ku saleysan guryaha salka ah ee amino acids amino ah (tusaale, xiisadda dusha sare, akhlaaqda wejiga iyo heerkulka krfft), gunaanadyada krrafft), gunaanadyada krrafft), gunaanadyada Krafft), gunaanadyada Krafft), gabagabada Krafft), gabagabada dusha sare - waxqabadka dusha sare ee AAS waxay ka sarreysaa arrintaas-caadiga ah.
6.1 Miikaanka Xasaasiga ah ee Xasaasiga ah (cmc)
Miisaaniyadda muhiimka ah ee muhiimka ah ee Miisaaniyadda ayaa ah mid ka mid ah cabbirrada muhiimka ah ee saliidaha waxayna xukumaan guryo badan oo dusha sare ah sida xasaasiyadda, oo kordhaysa bit fronds-ka, iwm. Surfacats ku saleysan amino acids amino badanaa waxay leeyihiin qiyamka CMC hoose marka la barbar dhigo sarkaallada caadiga ah.
Iyada oo loo marayo isku-darka kala duwan ee kooxaha madaxa iyo dabada biyaha (mono-caicis), laba hoosaji ahmic amide, biro-hoosad, dhalmada ku saleysan), dhallaanka et al. Saddexda Arginine-Aas ee ku saleysan AAS oo ay bartay CMC iyo γcmc (xiisadda dusha sare ee cmc), oo muujinaya in qiimayaasha CMC iyo vecmc ay hoos ugu dhacday kordhinta dhererka dabada samafalka ah. Daraasad kale, heesta heesta iyo Mhatre waxaa lagu ogaaday in CMC of surwadda n-α-acylarchinine-ka oo hoos u dhacday iyadoo la kordhinayo tirada atomka kaarboon-ka-haynta ah (shaxda 1).
Yoshimura et al. Baadhisay CMC ee Cysteine-Feris acid-ka-salka ku saleysan ee 'gino acid' oo lagu muujiyey
Fasino Et Al. Wuxuu soo sheegay sameynta mo molelles isku dhafan oo xalka aqueous ee anionic Gemini Surlactorts ku saleysan ceyrka. Surfacards Gemini ayaa sidoo kale la barbar dhigay qalabka loo yaqaan 'momiomerits u dhigma momeomics-ka ee is-dhexgalka ah (C 8 CEYS). Qiimaha CMC ee isku-dhafka lipid-surpid-surpid-surpid-ka ayaa la sheegay inay ka hooseeyaan kuwa safarka daahirka ah. Gemini Starlas iyo 1,2-Dhoptoptinal-SN-Glyceryl-3-Phosphochochochine-3-Dhosphochochochine-3-Dhosphochochochone-3-fosfoor, biyo-ku-milma, mooshin-sameynta fosfooraska, waxay ku yeelatay cmc heerka milixyada.
Shrestha iyo Aramaki waxay baaraysay sameynta mociles-viscolastic-ka-u eg mowjadaha ku jira xalka aqueous ee summada amino acid ee amino acid-ku-saleysan ee Amino acid-ku-saleysan ee aan ka maqneyn karin cusbada. Daraasaddan, N-doodcyl clutamate waxaa la ogaaday inuu haysto heerkulka sare ee Krafft; Si kastaba ha noqotee, markii laga takhalusay asino acid amine acid acids, waxay soo saartay mo mo mo mo mo mo mo mo mo mo mo mo mo mo mo mo mo mo mo mo mo mo mo mo m micanie ah oo ay bilaabeen inay u dhaqmaan sida dareeraha cusub ee 25 ° C.
6.2 Xarkaha biyaha ee wanaagsan
Xoolaha biyaha ee wanaagsan ee AAS waxaa u sabab ah joogitaanka dammaanad dheeraad ah oo isku-darka ah. Tani waxay ka dhigeysaa Aas Balale-la-heli karo iyo bey'ad bey'ad u fiican ka badan tahay saqafka caadiga ah ee u dhigma. Xaraashka biyaha ee n-acyl-l-glutamic acid ayaa xitaa ka sii fiicnaanaya kooxaha 2 ee carboxyl-ka ah. Xoolaha biyaha ee CN (CA) ayaa sidoo kale wanaagsan maxaa yeelay waxaa jira kooxo 2 moinine ah oo ah 1 molinine, oo keenta addicalprals-ka si wax ku ool ah iyo xitaa xannibaadda bakteeriyada unugyada ee ururinta hoose.
6.3 Krafft heerkulka iyo barta Krafft
Heerkulka Krafft waxaa loo fahmi karaa inuu yahay dabeecad xariir ah oo jilicsan ee surfact-ka oo xaruuf ah oo xaruuf ah ay si aad ah ugu kordhaan heerkul gaar ah. Ionic Surplacts waxay leeyihiin u janjeera inay soo saarto biyo-baxa adag, kaas oo ka saadaalin kara biyaha. Heerkul gaar ah (waxa loogu yeero heerkulka krafft), oo ah mid la yaab leh oo ka joogsadaa kororka fadhiishadda sarkaallada ah ayaa badanaa la arkaa. Barta Krafft ee Surfact-ka ionic waa heerkulkeeda Krafft ee CMC.
Astaamaha wada-noolaanshadan waxaa badanaa loo arkaa surtics ioganc waxaana loo sharxi karaa sida soo socota: Xaraashka monomer-ka 'pomert moromer' oo ku xaddidan heerkulka krafft ilaa meesha ay xalidan tahay, halkaas oo ay si tartiib tartiib ah u kordhiso qaab dhismeedka micro. Si loo hubiyo jilitaanka dhameystiran, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in loo diyaariyo qaababka qalabka isbarbardhiga ee heerkulka ka sarreeya meesha Krafft.
Heerkulka Krafft ee AAS ayaa la bartay oo isbarbardhigayey sarkaallada caadiga ah ee isku-darka ah.shrestha iyo Aramaki waxay bartay heerkulka Kraffinin-ka ee ku saleysan Arrineine-ka oo ka sarreeya qaab dhismeedka caadiga ah (OHTA et al. Lix nooc oo kala duwan of n-hexadecanoyl aas oo ka wada hadlay xiriirka ka dhexeeya heerkulka krafft iyo haraaga amino acid.
Tijaabooyinka, waxaa la ogaaday in heerkulka Krafft ee N-Hexadecanoyl ee AAS ay kordhay cabirkii haraaga amino acid (phenylalanine), halka kuleylka fadhiga), marka laga reebo glycine iyo phenylalanine iyo phenylalanine). Waxaa lagu soo gabagabeeyey in ka mid ah Alanine iyo Nidaamyada Phenylalanine, is-dhexgalka DL ay ka xoog badan tahay is dhexgalka LL ee qaab adag ee qaabka n-hexadecanoyyl anas.
Brito et al. Waxaa la go'aamiyay heerkulka krafft ee sedex taxane ah oo ah surpants ku saleysan sheeko amino acid ah oo la adeegsanayo microcalorimetry-ka ah oo la tusiyo oo la beddelo ion tooorooroocetete ion ilaa ion ee heerkulka weyn (qiyaastii 6 ° C), laga bilaabo 47 ° C illaa 53 ° C illaa 53 ° C. Joogitaanka dammaanadaha 'cis-laba-laablaab la-soo-noqoshada iyo soo-noogaarida ay xaadiraan silsiladaha muddada-dheer ee loo yaqaan' ser-ka-soo-nooleynta muddada-dheer ee loo yaqaan 'hoos u dhac weyn ku dhaca heerkulka krafft. N-dodecyl glutamate-ka ayaa la soo sheegay inuu haysto heerkulka sare ee Krafft. Si kastaba ha noqotee, ka takhalusidda asino acid amino acid ee L-yesine ayaa sababay in la sameeyo qaabka miclelleles xalka u dhaqma sida dareeraha 'Newtonian' 25 ° C.
6.4 Xiisadda dusha sare
Xiisadda dusha sare ee samafalka ayaa laxiriirta dhererka silsiladda ee qaybta biyo-baxa. Zhang et al. Waxaa lagu go'aamiyay xiisadda dusha sare ee xarkaha sodium cotate ee habka loo yaqaan 'wilhelmy plate' Yoshimura et al. Waxaa lagu go'aamiyay xiisadda dusha sare ee 2c n n cys Nooca dusha sare ee amino acid amino acid ee ku saleysan xiisadda dusha sare ee 2c n n cys-ka ku saleysan wakiilada dusha sare ee ku saleysan. Waxaa la ogaaday in xiisadda dusha sare ee cmc ay hoos u dhacday dhererka silsiladda (illaa n = 8), halka isbeddelka lagu noqdo surwass-ka n = 12 ama silsilado dhaadheer.
Saamaynta CAC1 2 ee dusha sare ee xiisadda dusha sare ee safaaradda amino acid ee amino acid ee amino acid-ku-saleysan ayaa sidoo kale la bartay. Daraasadahaas, CAC1 2, Nooca Acino Acid-amino acid ee amino acid (C12 Malna 2, C12 ASSNA 2, iyo C12 Glunan 2). Qiyamka Plateau ka dib markii la barbar dhigo CMC ayaa la barbar dhigay waxaana la ogaaday in xiisadda dusha sare ay hoos ugu dhacday CAC1 2-aad uruurin oo aad u hooseeya. Tan waxaa u sabab ah saameynta ionsium-ka kaalshiyamka ah ee ku saabsan qabanqaabada salka ku haysa interface-ga gaaska. Dusha sare ee cusbada leh ee cusbada n-dodecylanylanylate iyo n-dodecishutapartote, dhinaca kale, waxay sidoo kale ku dhowaadeen ilaa 10 mmol-L -1 CAC1 2 CAC1 CAC1 feejignaan 2. Ka sarreysa 10 MMol-L -1, xiisadda dusha sare ayaa si aad ah u kordheysa, sababtuna tahay samaynta roobab ka mid ah cusbada kalfaalka ee salka ku jirta. Cusbada cusbada ee n-dodecyl glutamate, oo isku dhafan oo ka mid ah CAC1 2 waxay dhalisay hoos u dhac weyn oo ku saabsan xiisadda dusha sare, iyadoo la sii waday koror ku yimaada CAC1 2-ka CAC-da mar dambe isbadal lama taaban karo.
Si loo go'aamiyo saqafka xayeysiiska ee 'Gemini-nooca Aas' ee AAS-ka ee gaaska gaaska, xiisadda dusha sare ee dusha sare ayaa lagu go'aamiyay iyada oo la adeegsanayo habka cadaadiska ugu badan ee buka. Natiijooyinka ayaa muujinaya in waqtiga imtixaanka ugu dheer, 2C 12 ceyrs xiisadda dusha sare ee qaladka ah isma beddeleynin. Hoos udhaca xiisadda dusha sare ee firfircoon waxay kuxirantahay oo keliya feejignaanta, dhererka dabada biyo-baxa, iyo tirada dabada biyo-galeenka. Kordhinta uruurinta salka, hoos udhaca dhererka silsiladda iyo sidoo kale tirada silsiladaha keentay inay ku jirto suux deg deg ah. Natiijooyinka laga helay uruurinta sare ee C n CEY CEYS (n = 8 illaa 12) ayaa la ogaaday inay aad ugu dhowdahay γ CMC oo ay cabbirto habka Wilhelmy.
Daraasad kale, dusha sare ee dusha sare ee xiisadaha dhaqdhaqaaqa sodium-ka (SDLC) iyo sodium-ka) iyo sodium-ka sodium Didstine waxaa go'aamiyay habka saxanka Wilhelmy, oo marka lagu daro xiisadda dusha sare ee xalka aqueous waxaa lagu go'aamiyey qaabka mugga ee tuugada. Falcelinta dammaanadda isdaba-joog ah ayaa lagu sii baaraa qaabab kale sidoo kale. Ku darista merttotanol ilaa 0.1 mmol-l -1sdlc xalka degdega ah ee kor u kaca xiisadda dusha sare 34 mn-m -1 ilaa 53 mn-m -1. Tan iyo markii NACLLO ay ka dhigi karto bogagga isku-dhafka ah ee SDLC ee kooxaha SDLC ee SDLONIC Acid, ma jiro isku-darka la saaray markii naclo (5 mmol-l-l-l-l-l-l-l -1 sdlc xalka. Gudbinta elektaroonigga elektaroonigga ah ee elektaroonigga ah iyo natiijooyinka kala firidhsan ee firfircoon ayaa muujinaya in isku-darka aan la sameynin xalka. Xiisadda dusha sare ee SDLC waxaa laga helay inay ka kordhayaan 34 MN-M -1 illaa 60 MN-M -1 muddo 20 daqiiqo ah.
6.5 Is-dhexgalka BILAASH BILAASH
Sayniska nolosha, tiro badan oo kooxo ah ayaa bartay guryo gariir ee isku-darka isku-darka ee CASINIC AAS (diacylglglycerol arranka) iyo fosfooraska ku yaal gaaska-gaaska, waxay ugu dambeyntii soo gabagabeeyeen in hantidaas aan habboonayn ay keentaa in la sii daayo is-dhexgalka elektiroonigga ah.
6.6 Isku-darka guryaha
Freecymic Light-ka iftiinka ayaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu go'aamiyo astaamaha isku-darka monomers-ka ku saleysan amino acids and gircas-ka ee ku-meel-gaarka ah ee ka sareeya CMC-yada CMCRONA, oo dhalisay dhexroor muuqata oo ah dh (= 2r h). Isku-duwaha uu sameeyay c n cys iyo 2cn cys waa mid aad u ballaaran oo qaybinta cabirro ballaaran marka loo eego surwats kale. All Surlacty-ka marka laga reebo 2c 12 CEYS sida caadiga ah waxay u sameeyaan isku darka 10 NM. Miisaaniyada cabirrada ee 'Gemini Surfactorts' ayaa si aad ah uga weyn kuwa ka mid ah kuwa ka mid ah kuwa ka mid ah kuwa ka mid ah kuwa modows-ka ah. Kordhinta muddada silsiladda hydrocarbon waxay sidoo kale horseedaysaa koror ku yimaada cabirka cabirka. ohta et al. Wuxuu ku tilmaamay isku-darka astaamaha sedex meelood oo kala duwan oo ah N-dodecyl-phenyl-alananyl-alanine-anananl-alanine-anananl-alanine-anananyl-alanine-anananl-alanine-alanine-alanine-anananl-alanine-anananyl-alanine-alanine-anananyl-alanine-alanine-anananyl-alanine-phetrethelymeylomium xalka aqueous ah oo ay leeyihiin isku-darka isku-darka ee xalka ah ee xalka aqueous. Iwahashi et al. investigated by circular dichroism, NMR and vapor pressure osmometry the The formation of chiral aggregates of N-dodecanoyl-L-glutamic acid, N-dodecanoyl-L-valine and their methyl esters in different solvents (such as tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, 1,4-dioxane and 1,2-dichloroethane) with Guryaha wareejinta waxaa baaray by wareeg wareeg ah, NMR iyo cadaadiska uumiga ee uumiga osmometry.
6.7 ADSFACIAL SHAQADA
ADSFACIAL CODSACIAL OF ACIONDORTS ku saleysan Acid-ku-saleysan ee Amino iyo isbarbar dhigtiisa oo leh dhiggiisa caadiga ah sidoo kale waa mid ka mid ah tilmaamaha cilmi-baarista. Tusaale ahaan, guryaha xayeysiinta ee isdaba-joogga ah ee estarooyinka Doodcleyn ee aashitada amomatic amino ee laga soo qaatay ha loo tago iyo LEP la baaray. Natiijooyinka ayaa muujinaya in iyo LEP ay muujiyeen meelaha ay is dhexgalka yihiin ee hoose ee interface-ga gaaska iyo biyaha / interface hexanne, siday u kala horreeyaan.
Gabdhaha et al. Baadhisay dhaqanka xalka iyo adsorption-ka ee is dhexgalka gaaska ee sedex acino acid amino acid amino amino, iyo atomium zartate, oo leh 3, iyo 1 atom oo 3, iyo 1 kareemo kareem ah oo u dhexeeya labada koox ee Carboxyl, siday u kala horreeyaan). Marka loo eego warbixintan, CMC-da-ka ee 'dicarxyloxyluyted surpakents' waxay ahayd 4-5 jeer ka sareeya cusbada monocarboxyluylf-ka dodecyl glycine. Tan waxaa loo aaneeyey samaynta silsiladaha hydrogen-ka ee u dhexeeya surfacal-ka dinarxyloxylated iyo moleekule dariska deriska ah ee loo maro kooxaha dhexdhexaadka ah ee ku dhex jira.
6.8 Dhaqanka wejiga
Wejiyada xarkaha ee xayiraada ah ee la joojiyay ayaa loo arkaa sursits ee uruurinta aad u sareeya. Molecules-ka dusha sare ee madaxiisa aad u ballaaran ayaa u muuqda isku darka isku-darka qarka u yar ee wanaagsan. Marques et al. Shaybaarka 12SS8 / 16SS8 / 16SS8/18SE / 12SS8 / 16SS8 / 16SS8 / 16SS8 / 16SSENS MUUQAALKA MONSELAR MENUSS iyo gobolka wejiga Vesicle). Waa in la ogaadaa in gobolka ugu dambeeya ee nidaamka 12-ka / 12sers, vesicles-ka had iyo jeer ay la wadaagaan mo mocelles, halka gobolka vesiles ee nidaamka 800s8 / 16sers uu leeyahay kaliya vesicles.
Isku-darka Cuduminic ee Cataninic-ka ee 'Lysine- Surplaks-ka' ee ku saleysan ee Lysine- iyo Seymetric 12Ys12 / 12SER lammaane (bidix) iyo asymmetric 8ls8 / 16s lammaane (midig)
6.9 Awoodda Emulsity
Kouchti et al. Wuxuu baaray kartida wax lagu shiileeyo, xiisadda, iyo viscosity, iyo viscosity of n- [3-dodecyl-2-hydroxypropyl] -l-arranne, l-glutamate, iyo AAS kale. Marka la barbardhigo sarkaallada is-dhexgalka ah ee isku-darka ah (kuwa aan caadiga ahayn ee aan caadiga ahayn), natiijooyinka ayaa muujinaya in Aas ay ka xoog badan tahay awood Emulsicing Atting Emulsict ka badan Awoodda Emulsict ka badan Aspants-ka caadiga ah.
Baczko et al. Anional Anionic Amino acid acid acid ah oo baaray ku habboonadooda sida chiral ku saleysan dareeraha nmr spectoscopy. Taxanaha Amphiphilic-ka ku saleysan Sulfonate-ka L-Phomate ama L-Ala oo leh dabo-galo kala duwan (pentyl ~ terdecyl) ayaa isku-dajiyay iyagoo ka falcelinaya amino acids oo leh o-sulfobenzoic andydride. Wu et al. cusbada sodium-ka ee sodiums ee n-dufanka acyl a a a a acyl aAs iyoBaadhisay awoodooda emulsification ee emulsions-ka-biyo-galka, iyo natiijooyinkaasi waxay muujiyeen in wax laga beddelo si fiican oo leh ethyl acetate sida wejiga saliida sida wejiga saliida sida wejiga saliida.
6.10 hormarinta isku-darka iyo wax soo saarka
Iska caabbinta biyaha adag ayaa loo fahmi karaa inuu yahay awooda summadaha si ay uga hortagaan jiritaanka joogitaanka ion-ka sida kaalshiyamka iyo magnesium biyo adag, tusaale ahaan, awooda looga fogaado roobab loo maro samafalka kaniimeedka. Surfacats leh caabbinta biyaha ee adag ayaa aad waxtar ugu leh qaababka saabuunta iyo alaabada daryeelka shaqsiyeed. Iska caabbinta biyaha adag ayaa lagu qiimeyn karaa iyadoo lagu xisaabinayo isbedelka xaruufnimada iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa dusha sare ee salka ku jirta joogitaanka ionsium.
Qaab kale oo lagu qiimeeyo caabbinta biyaha ee adag waa in la xisaabiyo boqolkiiba ama garaamyada sarkaalka loo baahan yahay ee loogu baahan yahay saabuun kaniisada ah oo laga sameeyay 100 g oo ah sodium oltete in lagu kala firdhiyo biyaha. Meelaha ay ku jiraan biyo adag, uruurinta sare ee kaalshiyamka iyo ions and Magnesium and mread macdanta ayaa ka dhigi kara qaar ka mid ah codsiyo la taaban karo. Badanaa soodhiyamka ion waxaa loo isticmaalaa in miiska loo yaqaan 'ion' ee sarkarka anionic synict. Maaddaama ion kaalshiyamka ee qoysasku uu ku xidhan yahay labada moleecules-ka dusha sare, waxay ku keentaa in dusha sare si ay u sahlato si dhaqso ah oo si dhaqso ah looga soo baxo xalka.
Daraasadda caabbinta biyaha adag ee AAS waxay muujisay in aashitada iyo iska caabinta biyaha ee adag ay si xoogan saameyn ugu yeeshaan koox carboxyl ah, iyo caabbinta biyaha adag ayaa kor u kacaysa dhererka kooxda ugu dhexeysa labada koox ee carboxyl. Amarka aashitada iyo caabbinta biyaha adag waxay ahayd c 12 glycination <c 12 aslowsete <c 12 glutamate. Isbarbardhigaya 'dicarxylated dened' ee amino-ka ah ee amino-ga, siday u kala horreeyaan, waxaa la ogaaday in tirada dambe ee dambe ay ahayd mid ballaaran oo hawsha dusha sarena waxay ku sii kordhaan aashitada ku habboon ee aashitada. Qalabka 'dicarxylated n-alkybylo acids amino amisto acids uu muujiyey saameyn ku saabsan jiritaanka kaalshiyamka kaalshiyamka, iyo C 12 masuulka ka dhigta jel cad. C 12 Glotamate ayaa muujisay wax qabad dusha sare ah oo ku yaal cabitaan sare ca 2 + ah oo la filayo in loo isticmaalo goynta biyaha badda.
6.11 kala-soocelinta
Fogtiriddu waxaa loola jeedaa awoodda sagxadda si looga hortago isku-darka iyo dareeraha ka-hortagga dusha sare ee xalka.Kala-soociddu waa hanti muhiim ah oo ka mid ah surpalarts ka dhiga mid ku habboon in lagu isticmaalo saabuun lagu isticmaalo, waxyaabaha la isku qurxiyo iyo dawooyinka.Wakiilka kala firidhsan waa inuu kujiraa ester, ether, xisbiyo xisbiyo ah oo udhaxeeya kooxda feydrophobic iyo kooxda feydrophoplilic-ka (ama ka mid ah kooxahooda tooska ah ee silsifaaqyada ah).
Guud ahaan, saqafka anionic sida alkanolamido sulfates iyo amphotiotic surwass sida amidosulfobetaine gaar ahaan waxtar u leh wakiilada kala firidhsan ee sahsoon kaalshiyamka ah.
Dadaallo badan oo cilmi-baaris ah ayaa go'aamiyay kala-sooca-sicirka Aas, halkaas oo laga helay N-Laurenl Lynines si liidata u la jaan qaada biyaha iyo ay adag tahay in la isticmaalo qaababka isku-qurxinta.Taxankan, oo ah aashitada aasaasiga ah ee amino ee lagu beddelay ee amino amino-ka ah ayaa leh kala-sooceyn superb ah waxaana loo isticmaalaa warshadaha is-hooska ah si loo wanaajiyo qaababka.
07 sunta
Surfacal Gawaarida caadiga ah, gaar ahaan Surwackides CASIC, ayaa aad u sun u ah unugyada biyaha. Sunta sunta ah ee daran waxaa sabab u ah ifafaale ka ah is-dhexgalka adsorsin-ion is-dhexgalka surfacarts ee ku yaal interface-ka biyaha. Yaraynta CMC-ga Surfact-ka badanaa waxay horseedaa adkeyn xoog leh oo kacsan ee qalabka sarkaal-bararka, kaas oo sida caadiga ah keena sunta sunta ah ee sareeya. Kordhinta dhererka silsiladda saliidaha ee sadarka ah ayaa sidoo kale horseedaysa kororka sunta dusha sare ee dusha sare.Inta badan Aas waa kuwa hoose ama aan sun ahayn ee aadanaha iyo deegaanka (gaar ahaan unugyada badda) waxayna ku habboon yihiin in loo isticmaalo maaddooyinka cuntada, dawooyinka iyo waxyaabaha la isku qurxiyo.Baarayaal badan ayaa muujiyay in qalabka wax xafida amino acid ay yihiin kuwo jilicsan oo aan xanaaqin maqaarka. Inrinine-ku fadhigoodu yahay Arginine-ka ayaa la ogyahay inay ka yar yihiin sunta ka yar dhiggooda caadiga ah.
Brito et al. studied the physicochemical and toxicological properties of amino acid-based amphiphiles and their [derivatives from tyrosine (Tyr), hydroxyproline (Hyp), serine (Ser) and lysine (Lys)] spontaneous formation of cationic vesicles and gave data on their acute toxicity to Daphnia magna (IC 50). Waxay isku dayeen cesic ceresthes of dodecyltrimethtrimethheretythereymonium bromide (dtab) / dtab) / dtab) / ama isku-dhafan iyo isku-dhafan hawada, oo ay ku jiraan isku-darka ay ka kooban yihiin AAS iyo kuwa ay ka kooban yihiin dataarka caadiga ah ee DTAB caadiga ah.
Rosa et al. Baadhisay xidhiidhka (ururka) ee DNA-da ee xasilloonida ee xasilloonida ee amino acid-ku-saleysan. Si ka duwan wax-banjooyinka xasaasiyadeed ee caadiga ah, oo inta badan u muuqda mid sun ah, is-dhexgalka CASIC Amino acid acid waxay umuuqataa inay tahay sun-sun. CASIC AAS waxay ku saleysan tahay Arninine, kaas oo si iskeed ah u samaysaya noocyo xasilloon oo ay weheliso surfacadaha anionic qaarkood. Amino acid-ku-saleysan ee amino acid-ku-saleysan ayaa sidoo kale lagu soo waramayaa inay yihiin kuwo aan sun ahayn. Surwarts-yadaas waxaa si fudud loo dhex geliyaa daahir sare (illaa 99%), qiimo jaban, oo si fudud loo isticmaali karo, oo gabi ahaanba ku milmay warbaahinta aqueola. Dhowr daraasadood ayaa muujisay in sulsur-amino amino acid amino acid ay ka sarreeyaan xannibaadda.
Daraasad dhowaan la sameeyay, Peinelli et al. Waxaa la soo sheegay astaan muhiim ah oo lagu qanco ee rhamnolipids marka loo eego sarkaallada caadiga ah. Rhamnolipids waxaa lagu yaqaanaa inuu u dhaqmo sidii sanaabiciina. Waxay sidoo kale ka warbixiyeen saameynta Rhamnolipids ee ku saabsan daawooyinka epithelial ee daroogada macromolecular.
08 Waxqabadka Antimobial
Waxqabadka ka hortaga ee ka hortaga qalabka sarkaalka ah waxaa lagu qiimeyn karaa feejignaanta ugu yar ee xannibaynta. Waxqabadka ka hortaga ee ka hortaga dadka samafalka ku saleysan Arginenine ayaa si faahfaahsan loo bartay. Bakteeriyada xun-taban-taban ayaa loo ogaaday inay u adkeysaneyso ingiin sharadka ku saleysan Argine-ka marka loo eego bakteeriyada macaan-macaan. Waxqabadka ka hortaga ee ka hortaga ee sarkaal-ka-baxa waxaa badanaa lagu kordhiyaa joogitaanka hydroxyl, cyclopropane ama dammaanadaha aan fiicnayn ee silsiladaha Acyl. Casllillo et al. Waxay muujisay in dhererka silsiladaha 'Circyl' iyo in lacagta togan ee loo yaqaan 'FIPOPOPOPPOPPOPPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPLE' ee Molecule-ka) ee molecule-ka, oo ay saameyn ku yeeshaan awoodda ay u leeyihiin inay carqaladeeyaan xeryo. Nα αylrine ester-ka methyl waa nooc kale oo muhiim ah oo ka mid ah sunta casiinada leh oo leh nashaadyo la-dagaallanka antimicrum-ka ee muuqaalka ah oo ay si fudud u sahlayso oo ay leedahay sumad yar ama sumad la'aan. Studies on the interaction of Nα-acylarginine methyl ester-based surfactants with 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-propyltrioxyl-3-phosphorylcholine and 1,2-ditetradecanoyl-sn-propyltrioxyl-3-phosphorylcholine, model membranes, and with living organisms in the presence or absence of external barriers have shown that this class of Surfacladuts waxay leeyihiin antimicrobial wanaagsan Natiijooyinka waxay muujiyeen in wax-ka-qabashada ay leeyihiin wax war-bakteeriyada bakteeriyada ah ee ka hortaga bakteeriyada.
09 Guryaha Rhothalo
Guryaha rheololojiyada ee saliidaha ee sadarka ah waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan go'aaminta iyo saadaalinta codsiyada ay ku qoran yihiin warshado kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan cuntada, dawada, soo saarista saliida, daryeelka shakhsi ahaaneed iyo alaabada daryeelka guriga. Daraasado badan ayaa loo sameeyay si looga wada hadlo xiriirka ka dhexeeya viscoelticity of sursits amino acid iyo cmc.
10 codsi oo ku jira warshadaha is-qurxinta
AAS waxaa loo isticmaalaa sameynta samaynta badeecooyin badan oo daryeel caafimaad ah.Potassium-ka n-cocoyl glycination waxaa loo arkaa inuu jilicsan yahay maqaarka waxaana loo isticmaalaa sunta wajiga si looga saaro burburka iyo qurxiyo. n-acyl-l-glutamic acid waxay leedahay laba kooxo carboxyl, oo ka dhigaya mid biyo badan. Aass dhexdeeda, Aas oo ku saleysan C 12 dufanka aashitada ayaa si weyn loogu adeegsadaa nadaafadda wajiga si looga saaro weelka iyo qurxiyo. AAS oo leh silsifiyeyaal alaabta daryeelka maqaarka ah, iyo ni-lauryl cusbada alanine-ka waxaa lagu yaqaanaa inay abuuraan xumbo kareem ah oo aan loo adeegsan karin sameynta maqaarka ee alaabada daryeelka ilmaha. AAs ku saleysan AAs ee ku saleysan AAS ee loo adeegsaday daawada cadayga ayaa waxaa ku dhajiya dhaxan wanaagsan oo la mid ah saabuunta iyo xakamaynta enzyme-adag ee xakamaynta.
Dhowrkii sano ee la soo dhaafay, xulashada Surfactics ee loogu talagalay waxyaabaha la isku qurxiyo, alaabada daryeelka shakhsi ahaaneed iyo dawooyinka ayaa diiradda lagu saaray sunta rasaasta, jilicsanaanta, qabowga ah ee taabashada iyo amniga. Macaamiisha alaabooyinkan ayaa si fiican uga warqabka xanaaqa, sunta iyo qodobada deegaanka.
Maanta, AAS waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu dejiyo shaambooyin badan, timaha timaha iyo saabuunta qubayska oo ay ugu wacan tahay faa'iidooyinkooda dhaqameed ee ka badan dhigidahooda dhaqameed ee la isku qurxiyo iyo alaabada daryeelka shakhsi ahaaneed.Surfactorts ku saleysan borotiinka ku saleysan borotiinku waxay leeyihiin sifooyinka la jecel yahay ee lagama maarmaanka u ah alaabada daryeelka shakhsi ahaaneed. Qaar ka mid ah AAS waxay leeyihiin awoodo qaab dhismeedka filimka, halka kuwa kalena ay leeyihiin awood wanaagsan oo xumbo ah.
Acids amino acids waa muhiim dabiici ahaan ka dhasha qodobbada qoyaan ee ku jira stratum Corneeum. Marka unugyada suuxdinta ay dhintaan, waxay noqdeen qayb ka mid ah stratum Corneum iyo borotiinka intracellular borotiinka ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah loogu xiray amino acids. Acids-kaan amino ayaa markaa loo sii gudbaa Stratum Cornereum, halkaas oo ay ku nuuxnuuxsadaan dufan dufan ama dufan ah oo ku dhaca stratum stratum, taas oo ay ku wanaajinayso dusha sare ee maqaarka. Qiyaastii 50% qodobka qoyaanka dabiiciga ee dabiiciga ah ee maqaarka ayaa ka kooban amino acids iyo pyrrolidone.
Collagen, qayb ka mid ah isku qurxida, sidoo kale waxaa ku jira aashito amino ah oo maqaarka jilicsan ka hayo.Dhibaatooyinka maqaarka sida qallafsanaanta iyo jilicsanaanta waxaa lagu wadaa qayb weyn oo u ah la'aanta amino acids. Hal daraasad ayaa muujisay in isku-darka amino acid ee cadar la diiday, iyo aagagga ay dhibaatadu saameysey ay ku noqdeen gobolkoodii caadiga ahaa iyagoon u noqon nabarro kaligood ah.
Amino acids-ka ayaa sidoo kale loo ogaaday inay aad waxtar ugu leedahay daryeelka ka-goynta burburay.Timaha qallalan, oo timo lahayn ayaa laga yaabaa inay muujiyaan hoos u dhac ku yimid uruurinta amino acids ee si xun u waxyeeleeyay cirka korantada. Acids amino acids waxay awood u leeyihiin inay galaan goynta godka timaha oo ka nuugo qoyaanka maqaarka.Awooddaan qalabka wax lagu dhejiyo asino acid acid acid ah ayaa ka dhigaya mid aad waxtar u leh shaambooyinka, dhalada timaha, jilliyaha timaha, qaboojiyeyaasha timaha, jiritaanka acids amino acids ayaa timaha ka dhigaya mid xoog badan.
11 Codsiyada maalin kasta oo la isku qurxiyo
Waqtigaan la joogo, waxaa jira baahi loo qabo soosaarka ah ee qaababka saabuunta ku saleysan ee Amino Acid ee adduunka oo dhan.AAs waxaa lagu yaqaanaa inay leeyihiin awood nadiifin oo sifiican u leh.ACPartic acid-ka soo baxay Amphotioric AAs waxaa lagu soo waramayaa inuu yahay saabuun wax ku ool ah oo ku-tareya guryaha chilating. Isticmaalka waxyaabaha ay ku jiraan weelka ka kooban n-alkyl-β-aminoethoxy acids waxaa loo ogaaday inay yareeyaan xanaaqa maqaarka. Qaadashada saabuunta saabuunta ah oo ka kooban N-Cocopypropinopitate-ga ayaa la soo sheegay inuu yahay saabuun wax ku ool ah oo loogu talagalay wasakhda saliida ee sagxadaha birta. AminocarxyBlut-ka aminoplant acid, c 14 chohch 2 nhch 2 cona 2 cona, ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa nadiifinta dharka, rootiga, iwm, ee loo yaqaan 'n-acetoponic acid' sidaas darteedna waxay siisaa xasillooni si loo helo wakiilo wakaalada.
Diyaargarowga qaababka saabuunta ee ku saleysan N- (n'-octy β-alananyl) -β-Alanine waxaa sheegay in Keigo iyo tatuun ah oo ku saabsan awoodda dhaqashada iyo xasilloonida ee wanaagsan, nabarro fudud iyo jilbis fudud. Kao wuxuu soo saaray sameynta saabuunta ku saleysan N-Amanine-β-alanine wuxuuna soo sheegay cuncun maqaarka oo hooseeya, iska caabbinta biyaha oo sarreeya iyo awoodda sare ee wasakhda leh.
Shirkadda reer Japan ee Ajinomoto waxay u isticmaashaa ajinc-sun oo si fudud u sahlan oo ku saleysan aashitada l-ghrinine iyo lvarine sida maaddooyinka ugu waaweyn ee shaambo, saabuun iyo waxyaabaha 13). Awoodda enzymme waxyaabaha lagu daro ee qaababka saabuunta ah si looga saaro jahwareerka borotiinka ayaa sidoo kale la soo sheegay. N-acyl a a a acid, alanine, methylglcine, serinering acid iyo aspartric acid-ka ayaa loo soo sheegay isticmaalkooda sida saabuunta dareeraha ee aad u fiican ee xalka aqueous. Surjiyayaashani ma kordhinayaan cod-galaha oo dhan, xitaa heerkulka aad u hooseeya, oo si fudud ayaa looga gudbin karaa markabka lagu keydiyo ee aaladda xumaha si ay u helaan xumbo isku-dhafan.
Waqtiga Post: Jun-09-2022