Demuliyeyaasha
| Maaddaama qaar ka mid ah maaddooyinka adag aysan ku milmi karin biyaha, marka mid ama in ka badan oo ka mid ah kuwan adag ay ku jiraan tiro badan oo ah xal aqueous, waxay ku jiri karaan biyaha ku jira xaalad emulsified hoosteeda iyada oo la walaaqayo hydraulic ama awoodda dibadda, sameynta emulsion. Fikrad ahaan nidaamkani waa mid aan degganayn, laakiin haddii ay jirto joogitaanka qaar ka mid ah surfactants (qaybaha ciidda, iwm.), waxay ka dhigi doontaa xaaladda emulsification mid aad u daran, xitaa labada weji way adag tahay in la kala saaro, kuwa ugu caansan waa isku dhafka saliidda iyo biyaha. ee kala-soocidda saliidda-biyaha iyo isku dhafka biyaha-saliid ee daaweynta bullaacadaha, labada weji waxay sameeyaan qaab-dhismeed saliid-ku-salaysan oo xasilan oo biyo-ku-jir ah, saldhigga aragtida waa "qaab-dhismeedka lakabka koronto ee laba-laaban". Xaaladdan oo kale, qaar ka mid ah wakiilada ayaa lagu dhejiyaa si ay u carqaladeeyaan qaab dhismeedka bilayer koronto oo deggan iyo sidoo kale in la dejiyo nidaamka emulsification si loo gaaro kala-soocidda labada weji. Wakiiladan loo isticmaalo in lagu gaaro carqaladaynta emulsification waxaa loo yaqaannaa jebinta emulsion. |
Codsiyada ugu muhiimsan
| Demulsifier waa walax surfactant ah, kaas oo samayn kara burburinta qaab-dhismeedka dareeraha emulsion-sida, si loo gaaro ujeedada emulsion ee kala soocidda ee wejiyada kala duwan. Demulsification saliid cayriin waxaa loola jeedaa isticmaalka saamaynta kiimikada ee emulsion jebinta wakiilka si ay uga tagaan saliidda iyo biyaha ee isku darka saliid-biyaha emulsified si loo gaaro ujeedada fuuqbaxa saliid cayriin, si loo hubiyo heerka content biyaha saliid cayriin dibadda gudbinta. Kala soocida wax ku oolka ah ee wejiyada organic iyo aqueous, mid ka mid ah hababka ugu fudud uguna waxtarka badan waa in la isticmaalo demulsifier si loo baabi'iyo emulsification si loo sameeyo interface emulsified leh xoog gaar ah si loo gaaro kala soocida labada weji. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, demulsifier kala duwan ayaa leh awood jebin emulsion kala duwan ee wajiga organic, iyo waxqabadka ay si toos ah u saameeyaa saamaynta kala soocidda laba-waji ah. Inta lagu jiro habka soo saarista penicillin, nidaam muhiim ah ayaa ah in penicillin laga soo saaro maraq halsano leh penicillin oo leh dareerayaasha organic (sida butyl acetate). Tan iyo maraq halsano ka kooban yahay ka kooban borotiinada, sonkorta, mycelium, iwm, interface ka dhexeeya wejiyada organic iyo aqueous ma cadda inta lagu guda jiro fiirsashada, iyo aagga emulsification waa xoog gaar ah, taas oo saameyn weyn ku leh dhalidda alaabta la dhammeeyey. |
Demulsifier-ga caadiga ah - Kuwa soo socdaa waa kuwa ugu waaweyn ee aan ionic-ka-fure ee inta badan lagu isticmaalo goobta saliidda.
Demulsifier nooca SP
| Qaybta ugu muhiimsan ee nooca emulsion-ka ee SP-ga waa polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene octadecyl ether, qaabka qaabdhismeedka aragtida waa R (PO) x (EO) y (PO) zH, halkaas oo: EO-polyoxyethylene; PO-polyoxypropylene; khamriga R-aliphatic; x, y, shahaadada z-polymerization.Nooca SP-ga ayaa leh muuqaalka koollada jaalaha ah ee fudud, qiimaha HLB ee 10 ~ 12, oo ku milmaya biyaha. Demulsifier-ga nooca SP-ga ah ee aan-ionic ahayn wuxuu si fiican u baabi'iyaa saliidda cayriin ee ku salaysan paraffin. Qaybteeda hydrophobic waxay ka kooban tahay kaarboon 12 ~ 18 silsiladaha hydrocarbon, kooxdeeda hydrophilic waa hydrophilic iyada oo loo marayo ficilka kooxaha hydroxyl (-OH) iyo ether (-O-) ee molecule iyo biyaha si ay u sameeyaan bonds hydrogen. Maaddaama kooxaha hydroxyl iyo ether-ku ay daciif yihiin hydrophilic, kaliya hal ama laba kooxood oo hydroxyl ama ether ah ma jiidi karaan kooxda hydrophobic ee kaarboon 12 ~ 18 silsiladda hydrocarbon biyaha, waa in ay jiraan wax ka badan hal koox sida hydrophilic si loo gaaro ujeedada milanka biyaha. Markasta oo uu bato miisaanka kelli ee unugyaraha aan-ionic-ka ahayn, inta uu sii dheeraado silsiladda molecular, inta badan ee hydroxyl iyo kooxaha ether-ka ay ka kooban tahay, way sii weynaataa awoodda jiidisteeda, waxa sii xoogaysanaya awoodda demulsification ee emulsions saliidda cayriin. Sababta kale ee ay SP demulsifier ugu habboon tahay saliidda cayriin ee paraffin ku salaysan waa in saliidda cayriin ee paraffin ku salaysan ay ku jirto ma jirto ama aad u yar xanjo iyo asphaltene, walxaha surfactant lipophilic yar iyo cufnaanta qaraabo yar. Saliidda cayriin ee leh xabagta sare iyo maadada asphaltene (ama ka kooban biyo ka badan 20%), awoodda demulsifier ee nooca SP-ga ayaa daciif ah sababtoo ah qaab-dhismeedka kelliga ah, ma jiro qaab-dhismeedka silsilad laamo ah iyo qaab-dhismeedka caraf udgoon. |
Demulsifier nooca AP
| Demulsifier-ga nooca AP waa polyether-ka polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene oo leh polyetylen polyamine sida bilawga, nooc ka mid ah laamo badan oo nonionic ah oo leh qaab-dhismeedka unugyada: D (PO) x (EO) y (PO) zH, halka: EO - polyoxyethylene; PO - polyoxypropylene; R - khamriga dufanka leh; D - amine polyetylen: x, y, z - heerka polymerization. Qaab dhismeedka nooca AP ee nadiifinta saliidda cayriin ee paraffin ku salaysan, saameyntu way ka fiican tahay nooca SP-ga, waxay aad ugu habboon tahay waxyaabaha saliidda cayriin ee ka sarreeya 20% ee bakhtiiyaha saliidda cayriin, waxayna gaari kartaa saameyn degdeg ah oo nadiifin ah heerkulka hooseeya shuruudaha. Haddii SP-nooca demulsifier-ga dejiyo oo demulsify emulsion-ga gudaha 55 ~ 60 ℃ iyo 2h, demulsifier-ga nooca AP kaliya wuxuu u baahan yahay inuu dejiyo oo uu dejiyo emulsion-ga gudaha 45 ~ 50 ℃ iyo 1.5h. Tan waxa u sabab ah sifada qaabdhismeed ee AP-nooca demulsifier molecule. Bilawga polyetylen polyamine wuxuu go'aamiyaa qaabka qaabdhismeedka molecule: silsiladda molecular waa mid dheer oo laamood ah, iyo awoodda hydrophilic waxay ka sarraysaa kan demulsifier-ga nooca SP oo leh hal qaab molecular. Sifooyinka silsilado fara badan ayaa go'aamiya demulsifier nooca AP-ku wuxuu leeyahay qoyan sare iyo awood, marka saliidda cayriin ee baabi'inta, molecules-ka nooca AP-ga ayaa si dhakhso ah u dhex geli kara filimka is-dhexgalka saliidda-biyaha, marka loo eego nooca SP-ga molecules demulsifier ee toosan. Isku-dubbarid filim hal-molecule ah ayaa ku yaal aag badan oo dusha sare ah, sidaas darteed qiyaasta qiyaasta yar, saamaynta jebinta emulsion waa caddahay. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, nooca demulsifier-ga ayaa ah kan ugu wanagsan ee aan-ionic ahayn ee loo isticmaalo goobta saliidda ee Daqing. |
Demulsifier nooca AE
| Demulsifier-ga nooca AE waa polyeter-ka polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene oo leh polyetylen polyamine sida bilawga, kaas oo ah nooc fara badan oo ah surfactant nonionic. Marka la barbar dhigo demulsifier-ga nooca AP, farqigu waa in AE-ga-demulsifier-ku yahay polymer-ka laba-heer ah oo leh unugyo yaryar iyo silsilado gaagaaban. Qaab-dhismeedka molecular waa: D (PO) x (EO) yH, halka: EO - polyoxyethylene: PO - polyoxypropylene: D - polyamine polyetylen; x, y - heerka polymerization. Inkasta oo wejiyada molecular ee AE-nooca demulsifier iyo nooca AP-ga ay aad u kala duwan yihiin, laakiin halabuurka molecular waa isku mid, kaliya ee qiyaasta monomer iyo kala duwanaanshaha amarka polymerization. (1) laba demulsifier non-ionic in design of synthesis, madaxa iyo dabada ee qadarka alaabta la isticmaalo waa ka duwan yahay, taasoo keentay in dhererka molecules polymerization sidoo kale waa kala duwan yihiin. (2) molecule-ga nooca AP waa bipartite, oo leh polyetylen polyamine oo ah bilawga, iyo polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene polymerization si loo sameeyo copolymers block: AE-nooca demulsifier molecule waa bipartite, oo leh polyetylen polyamine sida bilawga, iyo polyoxyethylene si ay u sameeyaan polypropylene polypropylene. , sidaas darteed, naqshadeynta molecule-ga nooca AP-ga waa in ay ka dheeraato molecule-ga nooca AE-ga. Nooca AE-ku waa qaab-dhismeed laba-marxale ah oo laamo badan leh, demulsifier saliid ceyriin ah, kaas oo sidoo kale lagu habeeyey demulsification ee emulsions saliid cayriin asphaltene. Inta ka sii badan waxa ku jira lipophilic surfactant ee saliidda ceyriinka ah ee bituminous, xoogga viscousku wuu sii xoogaysanayaa, farqiga u dhexeeya cufnaanta saliidda iyo biyaha ma fududa in la nadiifiyo emulsion-ka. Demulsifier-ga nooca AE-ga waxa loo isticmaalaa in si degdeg ah loo nadiifiyo emulsion-ka, isla markaana, AE-nooca demulsifier-ga ayaa ah yareeyaha viscosity-ka ka fiican. Iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay qaab-dhismeedkeeda qaybo badan oo unugyo ah, aad bay u fududahay in la sameeyo shabakado yaryar, si ay hal-abuurka paraffin ee horeba loogu sameeyay saliidda cayriin ay u dhacaan shabakadahaas, waxay carqaladeeyaan dhaqdhaqaaqa xorta ah ee hal kiristaalo oo paraffin ah oo aan la xiriirin karin mid kasta. kale, samaynta qaab dhismeedka saafiga ah ee paraffin, yaraynta viscosity iyo barta qaboojinta ee saliidda cayriin iyo ka hortagga isu geynta ee kiristaalo wax, si loo gaaro ujeedada anti-wax. |
Dab-demiyayaal nooca AR ah
| Demulsifier nooca AR wuxuu ka samaysan yahay alkyl phenolic resin (AR resin) iyo polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene iyo nooc cusub oo saliid ah oo aan ionic ahayn oo saliid ah, qiimaha HLB ee ku saabsan 4 ~ 8, heerkul hooseeya ee 35 ~ 45 ℃. Qaab-dhismeedka molecular waa: AR (PO) x (EO) yH, halka: EO-polyoxyethylene; PO-polyoxypropylene; AR-resin; x, y, z-shahaadada polymerization.Inta lagu jiro habka soo saarista demulsifier, AR resin wuxuu u shaqeeyaa sidii labadaba bilawga wuxuuna galaa molecule demulsifier si uu u noqdo koox lipophilic. Tilmaamaha demulsifier nooca AR waa: molecule ma weyna, in the case of saliid cayriin dhibic adkeysiga ka sarreeya 5 ℃ leeyahay kala diri wanaagsan, faafin, saamaynta dhexgalka, degdeg ah emulsified dhibco biyo flocculation, agglomeration. Waxay ka saari kartaa in ka badan 80 % biyaha saliidda cayriin oo ay ka kooban tahay 50 % ~ 70 % oo ka hooseeya 45 ℃ iyo 45 min si ay uga saarto in ka badan 80 % biyaha saliidda cayriin oo leh 50% ilaa 70% biyaha. waa mid aan la barbar dhigi karin nooca SP-ga iyo nooca AP-ga. |
Waqtiga boostada: Mar-22-2022